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\(A=\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)^2\left(2x+3\right)-18\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)^2.4\left(2x+3\right)\right]-72\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x+3\right)\left(2x+2\right)^2\right]-72\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(4x^2+8x+3\right)\left(4x^2+8x+4\right)-72\right]\)
Đặt: \(4x^2+8x+3=t\)
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{4}\left[t^2+t-72\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(t+9\right)\left(t-8\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(4x^2+8x+12\right)\left(4x^2+8x-5\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+3\right)\left[4x^2+8x-5\right]\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+3\right)\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+5\right)\)
\(B=\left(4x+1\right)\left(12x-1\right)\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)-4\)
\(=\left[\left(4x+1\right)\left(3x+2\right)\right]\left[\left(12x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\right]-4\)
\(=\left(12x^2+11x+2\right)\left(12x^2+11x-1\right)-4\)
Đặt \(12x^2+11x+2=a\)
Khi đó: \(B=a\left(a-3\right)-4\)
\(=a^2-3a-4=\left(a+1\right)\left(a-4\right)\)
\(=\left(12x^2+11x+3\right)\left(12x^2+11x-2\right)\)
\(\left(x^2-x+2\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(=x^4+x^2+4-2x^3-4x+4x^2+x^2-4x+4\)
\(=x^4-2x^3+6x^2-8x+8\)
\(=x^4-2x^3+2x^2+4x^2-8x+8\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-2x+2\right)+4\left(x^2-2x+2\right)=\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)\)
\(3x^4-5x^3-18x^2-3x+5\)
\(=3x^4+x^3-x^2-6x^3-2x^2+2x-15x^2-5x+5\)
\(=x^2\left(3x^2+x-1\right)-2x\left(3x^2+x-1\right)-5\left(3x^2+x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^2-2x-5\right)\)
Bài này thật sự khó và hay đấy.
b)(x2+x+1)(x2+x+2)-12
Đặt t=x2+x+1
t(t+1)-12=t2+t-12
=(t-3)(t+4)=(x2+x+1-3)(x2+x+1+4)
=(x2+x-2)(x2+x+5)
=(x-1)(x+2)(x2+x+5)
c)(x2+8x+7)(x2+8x+15)+15
Đặt t=x2+8x+7
t(t+8)+15=t2+8t+15
=(t+3)(t+5)
=(x2+8x+7+3)(x2+8x+7+15)
=(x2+8x+10)(x2+8x+22)
d)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)(x+5)-24
=(x2+7x+10)(x2+7x+12)-24
Đặt t=x2+7x+10
t(t+2)-24=(t-4)(t+6)
=(x2+7x+10-4)(x2+7x+10+6)
=(x2+7x+6)(x2+7x+16)
=(x+1)(x+6)(x2+7x+16)
a/ Đặt x2 + 4x + 8 = a
Thì đa thức ban đầu thành
a2 + 3ax + 2x2 = (a2 + 2ax + x2) + (ax + x2)
= (a + x)2 + x(a + x) = (a + x)(a + 2x)
a)x4+2x3+5x2+4x-12
=(x4+2x3+x2)+(4x2+4x)-12
=(x2+x)2+4(x2+x)-12
Đặt t=x2+x
=t2+4t-12=(t-2)(t+6)
=(x2+x-2)(x2+x+6)
=(x-1)(x+2)(x2+x+6)
b)(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)+1
=(x2+5x+4)(x2+5x+6)+1
Đặt x2+5x+4=t
t(t+2)+1=t2+2t+1
=(t+1)2=(x2+5x+4+1)2
=(x2+5x+5)2
c)(x+1)(x+3)(x+5)(x+7)+15
=(x2+8x+7)(x2+8x+15)+15
Đặt t=x2+8x+7
t(t+8)+15=(t+3)(t+5)
=(x2+8x+7+3)(x2+8x+7+5)
=(x2+8x+10)(x+2)(x+6)
d)(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)-24
=(x2+5x+4)(x2+5x+6)-24
Đặt t=x2+5x+4
t(t+2)-24=(t-4)(t+6)
=(x2+5x+4-4)(x2+5x+4+6)
=x(x+5)(x2+5x+10)
đặt \(x^2+4x+8=a\)
=> \(A=a^2+3ax+2x^2=a^2+ax+2ax+2x^2=a\left(a+x\right)+2x\left(a+x\right)\)
\(=\left(a+x\right)\left(a+2x\right)\)
b) ta có
\(B=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+7\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+5\right)+15=\left(x^2+8x+7\right)\left(x^2+8x+15\right)+15\)
đặt \(x^2+8x+11=a\)
=> \(B=\left(a-4\right)\left(a+4\right)+15=a^2-16+15=a^2-1=\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+8x+10\right)\left(x^2+8x+12\right)=\left(x^2+8x+10\right)\left(x^2+6x+2x+12\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+8x+10\right)\left[x\left(x+6\right)+2\left(x+6\right)\right]=\left(x^2+8x+10\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)-24\)
\(A=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x^2+7x+12\right)-24\)
Đặt \(x^2+7x+10=y\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=y.\left(y+2\right)-24\)
\(A=y^2+2y+1-25\)
\(A=\left(y+1\right)^2-5^2\)
\(A=\left(y+1-5\right)\left(y+1+5\right)\)
\(A=\left(y-4\right)\left(y+6\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(x^2+7x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(A=\left[\left(x^2+x\right)+\left(6x+6\right)\right].\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(A=\left[x.\left(x+1\right)+6.\left(x+1\right)\right].\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(A=\left(x+1\right).\left(x+6\right).\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
Đặt \(B=\left(4x+1\right)\left(12x-1\right)\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)-4\)
\(B=\left(12x^2+11x+2\right)\left(12x^2+11x-1\right)-4\)
Đặt \(12x^2+11x-1=a\)
\(\Rightarrow B=a.\left(a+3\right)-4\)
\(B=a^2+3a-4\)
\(B=\left(a^2-a\right)+\left(4a-4\right)\)
\(B=a.\left(a-1\right)+4.\left(a-1\right)\)
\(B=\left(a-1\right)\left(a+4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(12x^2+11x-2\right)\left(12x^2+11x+3\right)\)
Lời giải:
a)
\(x(2x+1)-x^2(x+3)+x^3-x+3=2x^2+x-x^3-2x^2+x^3-x+3\)
\(=3\) không phụ thuộc vào biến (đpcm)
b)
\(4(x-6)-x^2(2+3x)+x(5x-4)+3x^2(x-1)\)
\(=4x-24-2x^2-3x^3+5x^2-4x+3x^3-3x^2\)
\(=(4x-4x)-24+(-2x^2+5x^2-3x^2)+(-3x^3+3x^3)\)
\(=-24\) không phụ thuộc vào biến.
c)
\((x^2+2x+3)(3x^2-2x+1)-3x^2(x^2+2)-4x(x^2-1)\)
\(=(3x^4-2x^3+x^2+6x^3-4x^2+2x+9x^2-6x+3)-(3x^4+6x^2)-(4x^3-4x)\)
\(=(3x^4-3x^4)+(-2x^3+6x^3-4x^3)+(x^2-4x^2+9x^2-6x^2)+(2x-6x+4x)+3\)
\(=3\) không phụ thuộc vào biến (đpcm)
Bài 2:
a: \(=\left(4x^2+6x+2x+3\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-18\)
\(=\left(4x^2+8x+3\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-18\)
Đặt x^2+2x=a
\(A=\left(4a+3\right)\left(a+1\right)-18\)
\(=4a^2+7a-15\)
\(=4a^2+12a-5a-15=\left(a+3\right)\left(4a-5\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+3\right)\left(4x^2+8x-5\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+3\right)\left(4x^2+10x-2x-5\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+3\right)\left(2x+5\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
b: \(=\left(12x^2+8x+3x+2\right)\left(12x^2+12x-x-1\right)-4\)
\(=\left(12x^2+11x+2\right)\left(12x^2+11x-1\right)-4\)
\(=\left(12x^2+11x\right)^2+\left(12x^2+11x\right)-6\)
\(=\left(12x^2+11x+3\right)\left(12x^2+11x-2\right)\)