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a) x2 + 6x + 9 = x2 + 2 . x . 3 + 32 = (x + 3)2
b) 10x – 25 – x2 = -(-10x + 25 +x2) = -(25 – 10x + x2)
= -(52 – 2 . 5 . x – x2) = -(5 – x)2
c) 8x3 - 1/8 = (2x)3 – (1/2)3 = (2x - 1/2)[(2x)2 + 2x . 12 + (1/2)2]
= (2x - 1/2)(4x2 + x + 1/4)
d)1/25x2 – 64y2 = (1/5x)2(1/5x)2- (8y)2 = (1/5x + 8y)(1/5x - 8y)
Bài 7: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a) Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-2a+2b\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-2\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(3x-3y-5x\left(y-x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)+5x\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+5x\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(16-x^2+4xy-4y^2\)
\(=16-\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)\)
\(=16-\left(x-2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(4-x+2y\right)\left(4+x-2y\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(\left(x-y+4\right)^2-\left(2x+3y-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y+4-2x-3y+1\right)\left(x-y+4+2x+3y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(5-x-4y\right)\left(3x+2y+3\right)\)
e) Ta có: \(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+1\)
\(=\left(x^4+2x^2+1\right)+\left(x^3+x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)^2+x\left(x^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+1+x\right)\)
f) Ta có: \(\left(x+3\right)^3+\left(x-3\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+3+x-3\right)\left[\left(x+3\right)^2-\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)+\left(x-3\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2x\cdot\left[x^2+6x+9-\left(x^2-9\right)+x^2-6x+9\right]\)
\(=2x\cdot\left(2x^2+18-x^2+9\right)\)
\(=2x\cdot\left(x^2+27\right)\)
g) Ta có: \(9x^2-3xy+y-6x+1\)
\(=\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)-y\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)^2-y\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x-1-y\right)\)
h) Ta có: \(x^3-4x^2+12x-27\)
\(=x^3-3x^2-x^2+3x+9x-27\)
\(=x^2\left(x-3\right)-x\left(x-3\right)+9\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+9\right)\)
\(x^2-3x+xy-3y\)
\(=\left(x^2+xy\right)-\left(3x+3y\right)\)
\(=x.\left(x+y\right)-3.\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right).\left(x+y\right)\)
\(2x^2-x+2xy-y\)
\(=2x^2-\left(x-2xy+y\right)\)
\(=2x^2-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{2}x\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{2}x-x+y\right).\left(\sqrt{2}x+x-y\right)\)
\(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+1\)
\(=\left(x^4+2x^2+1\right)+\left(x^3+x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)^2+x.\left(x^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right).\left(x^2+1+x\right)\)
\(16+2xy-x^2-y^2\)
\(=16-x^2+2xy-y^2\)
\(=16-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=4^2-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=[4-\left(x-y\right)].[4+\left(x-y\right)]\)
\(=\left(4-x+y\right).\left(4+x-y\right)\)
1: \(=x^2+6x+9-y^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x+3+y\right)\left(x+3-y\right)\)
2: \(x^2-2xy+y^2-25\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-25\)
\(=\left(x-5-y\right)\left(x+5-y\right)\)
4: \(=y\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(y-5\right)\)
5: \(=x^3\left(x+3\right)-9\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^3-9\right)\)
a) \(9x^2-12x+4\)
\(=9x^2-6x-6x+4\)
\(=3x\left(3x-2\right)-2\left(3x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-2\right)^2\)
b) \(2xy+16-x^2-y^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-16\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-y\right)^2+16\)
\(=\left(4-x+y\right)\left(4+x-y\right)\)
c) \(3x+2x^2-2\)
\(=2x^2+4x-x-2\)
\(=2x\left(x+2\right)-\left(x+2\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
b) x2-3x+xy-3y
=\(\left(x^2+xy\right)-\left(3x+3y\right)\)
=\(x\left(x+y\right)-3\left(x+y\right)\)
=\(\left(x-3\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
c) x2-y2-4x+4
=(\(x^2-4x+4\))\(-y^2\)
=\(\left(x-2\right)^2\) \(-y^2\)
=(\(x-y-2\)) \(\left(x+y-2\right)\)