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\(\left[3\left(x-y\right)^4+2\left(x-y\right)^3-5\left(x-y\right)^2\right]:\left(y-x\right)^2\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(x-y\right)^4}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)^3}{\left(x-y\right)^2}-\dfrac{5\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)-5\)
a)\(\left(x+y\right)^2:\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)^{2-1}=x+y\)
b)\(\left(x-y\right)^5:\left(y-x\right)^4=\left(x-y\right)^5:\left(-\left(x-y\right)^4\right)=-\left(x-y\right)^{5-4}=-\left(x-y\right)\)
c)\(\left(x-y+z\right)^4:\left(x-y+z\right)^3=\left(x-y+z\right)^{4-3}=x-y+z\)
a) \(A=\dfrac{\left(-2\right)^5}{\left(-2\right)^3}=\left(-2\right)^{5-3}=\left(-2\right)^2=4\)
b) \(y\ne0:B=\dfrac{\left(-y\right)^7}{\left(-y\right)^3}=\left(-y\right)^{7-3}=\left(-y\right)^4=y^4\)
c) \(x\ne0:C=\dfrac{\left(x\right)^{12}}{\left(-x\right)^{10}}=\left(x\right)^{12-10}=\left(x\right)^2=x^4\)
d) \(x\ne0:D=\dfrac{2x^6}{\left(2x\right)^3}=\dfrac{2x^6}{8x^3}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x\right)^{6-3}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x\right)^3\)
e) \(x\ne0:E=\dfrac{\left(-3x\right)^5}{\left(-3x\right)^2}=\left(-3x\right)^{5-2}=\left(-3x\right)^3=-27x^3\)
f) \(x,y\ne0:F=\dfrac{\left(xy^2\right)^4}{\left(xy^2\right)^2}=\left(xy^2\right)^{4-2}=\left(xy^2\right)^2=x^2y^4\)
i) \(x\ne-2:I=\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^9}{\left(x+2\right)^6}=\left(x+2\right)^{9-6}=\left(x+2\right)^3\)
1 , \(x^5+x^4+1=\left(x^5+x^4+x^3\right)-\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
= \(x^3\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)=\(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^3-x+1\right)\)
2 , \(x\left(x+4\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x+10\right)+128=\left(x^2+10x\right)\left(x^2+10x+24\right)+128\)(*)
Đặt x2 + 10 = a , a>0 (1)
=> (*) <=> a(a+24)+128=a2 + 24a+128=(a+8)(a+16) (**)
Thay (1) vào (**) ta được :
(*) <=> \(\left(x^2+10+8\right)\left(x^2+10+16\right)\)
a)\(\left(4x^3-xy^2+y^3\right)\left(x^2y+2xy^2-2y^3\right)\)
\(=x^2y\left(4x^3-xy^2+y^3\right)+2xy^2\left(4x^3-xy^2+y^3\right)\)
\(-2y^3\left(4x^3-xy^2+y^3\right)\)
\(=4x^5y-x^3y^3+x^2y^4+8x^4y^2-2x^2y^4+2xy^5\)
\(-8x^3y^3+2xy^5-2y^6\)
\(=-2y^6+4x^5y+\left(2xy^5+2xy^5\right)+8x^4y^2+\left(x^2y^4-2x^2y^4\right)\)
\(-\left(x^3y^3+8x^3y^3\right)\)
\(=-2y^6+4x^5y+4xy^5+8x^4y^2-x^2y^4-9x^3y^3\)
b)
(!) \(2\left(x+y\right)^2-7\left(x+y\right)+5\)
\(=2\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x+y\right)+5\)
\(=2\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y-1\right)-5\left(x+y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+2y-5\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)
(!!) \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2-x^2-y^2-z^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)-x^2-y^2-z^2\)
\(=2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
b, \(\left(x-y\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)-\left(y-z\right)^2\left[\left(x-y\right)+\left(z-x\right)\right]+\left(z-x\right)^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(x-y\right)-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)+\left(z-x\right)^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)^2\right]-\left(z-x\right)\left[\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-y+z\right)\left(x-y+y-z\right)-\left(z-x\right)\left(y-z-z+x\right)\left(y-z+z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-2y+z\right)\left(x-z\right)-\left(z-x\right)\left(y-2z+x\right)\left(y-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-2y+z\right)\left(x-z\right)-\left(x-z\right)\left(y-2z+x\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(x-2y+z-y+2z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(3z-3y\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
c, \(x^2y^2\left(y-x\right)+y^2z^2\left(z-y\right)-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=x^2y^2\left(y-x\right)-y^2z^2\left[\left(y-x\right)-\left(z-x\right)\right]-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=x^2y^2\left(y-x\right)-y^2z^2\left(y-x\right)+y^2z^2\left(z-x\right)-z^2x^2\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2y^2-y^2z^2\right)\left(y-x\right)+\left(y^2z^2-z^2x^2\right)\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=y^2\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y-x\right)+z^2\left(y-x\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(z-x\right)\)
\(=y^2\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y-x\right)-z^2\left(y-x\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left[y^2\left(x+z\right)-z^2\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left(y^2x+y^2z-z^2x-z^2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left[x\left(y^2-z^2\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left[x\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(xy+xz+yz\right)\)
d, \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xyz-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)
a) (x2 + 2xy + y2) : (x + y) = (x + y)2 : (x + y) = x + y.
b) (125x3 + 1) : (5x + 1) = [(5x)3 + 1] : (5x + 1)
= (5x)2 – 5x + 1 = 25x2 – 5x + 1.
c) (x2 – 2xy + y2) : (y – x) = (x – y)2 : [-(x – y)] = - (x – y) = y – x
Hoặc (x2 – 2xy + y2) : (y – x) = (y2 – 2xy + x2) : (y – x)
= (y – x)2 : (y – x) = y - x.
Bài giải:
a) (x2 + 2xy + y2) : (x + y) = (x + y)2 : (x + y) = x + y.
b) (125x3 + 1) : (5x + 1) = [(5x)3 + 1] : (5x + 1)
= (5x)2 – 5x + 1 = 25x2 – 5x + 1.
c) (x2 – 2xy + y2) : (y – x) = (x – y)2 : [-(x – y)] = - (x – y) = y – x
Hoặc (x2 – 2xy + y2) : (y – x) = (y2 – 2xy + x2) : (y – x)
= (y – x)2 : (y – x) = y - x.
Bài giải:
[3(x – y)4 + 2(x – y)3 – 5(x – y)2] : (y – x)2
= [3(x – y)4 + 2(x – y)3 – 5(x – y)2] : [-(x – y)]2
= [3(x – y)4 + 2(x – y)3 – 5(x – y)2] : (x – y)2
= 3(x – y)4 : (x – y)2 + 2(x – y)3 : (x – y)2 + [– 5(x – y)2 : (x – y)2]
= 3(x – y)2 + 2(x – y) – 5
Bài 65: (SGK/29):
Cách 1:
[ 3(x-y)4 + 2(x-y)3 - 5(x-y)2] : (y-x)2
= [ 3(x-y)4 + 2(x-y)3 - 5(x-y)2] : (x-y)2
= 3.(x-y)4 : (x-y)2 + 2.(x-y)3 : (x-y)2 - 5.(x-y)2 : (x-y)2
= 3.(x-y)2 + 2.(x-y) - 5
Cách theo SGK:
[ 3(x-y)4 + 2(x-y)3 - 5(x-y)2] : (y-x)2
Đặt (x-y) = z => (y-x) = z
=> (x-y)2 = z2 = (y-x)2 = (-z2) = z2
Ta có: ( 3.z4 + 2.z3 - 5.z2) : z2
= (3z4 : z2) + (2z3 : z2) - (5z2 : z2)
= 3z2 + 2z - 5
Cách 2:
[ 3(x-y)4 + 2(x-y)3 - 5(x-y)2] : (y-x)2
= (x-y)2 [ 3(x-y)2 + 2(x-y) - 5] : (x-y)2
= 3(x-y)2 + 2(x-y) - 5