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\(9a^2b^2-b^4+6b^3-9b^2\\ =b^2\left(9a^2-b^2+6b-9\right)\\ =b^2\left[9a^2-\left(b-3\right)^2\right]\\ =b^2\left(3a-b+3\right)\left(3a+b-3\right)\)
\(a^6+a^4+a^2b^2+b^4-b^6\\ =a^6-b^6+a^4+a^2b^2+b^4\\ =\left(a^6-b^6\right)+\left(a^4+a^2b^2+b^4\right)\\ =\left[\left(a^2\right)^3-\left(b^2\right)^3\right]+\left(a^4+a^2b^2+b^4\right)\\ =\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a^4+a^2b^2+b^4\right)+\left(a^2+a^2b^2+b^4\right)\\ =\left(a^2-b^2+1\right)\left(a^4+a^2b^2+b^4\right)\\ =\left(a^2-b^2+1\right)\left(a^4+2a^2b^2+b^4-a^2b^2\right)\\ =\left(a^2-b^2+1\right)\left[\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-\left(ab\right)^2\right]\\ =\left(a^2-b^2+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)\)
Đặt \(A=2a^2b^2+2a^2c^2+2b^2c^2-a^4-b^4-c^4\)
\(A=-\left(a^4+b^4+c^4-2\left(ab\right)^2-2\left(bc\right)^2-2\left(ca\right)^2\right)\)
\(A=-\left(a^4+b^4+c^4-2\left(ab\right)^2-2\left(bc\right)^2+2\left(ca\right)^2-4\left(ca\right)^2\right)\)
Áp dụng hàng đẳng thức \(\left(a^2-b^2+c^2\right)=a^4+b^4+c^4-2\left(ab\right)^2-2\left(bc\right)^2+2\left(ca\right)^2\):
\(A=-\left[\left(a^2-b^2+c^2\right)^2-4\left(ca\right)^2\right]\)
\(A=-\left(a^2-b^2+c^2-2ca\right)\left(a^2-b^2+c^2+2ca\right)\)
2222222222222a+257222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222a=?
a) \(25a^2-1=\left(5a-1\right)\left(5a+1\right)\)
b) \(a^2-9=\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)\)
c) \(\dfrac{1}{4}a^2-\dfrac{9}{25}=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\)
d) \(\dfrac{9}{4}a^4-\dfrac{16}{25}=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\)
e) \(\left(2a+b\right)^2-a^2=\left(2a+b-a\right)\left(2a+b+a\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(3a+b\right)\)
f) \(16\left(x-1\right)^2-25\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(4x-4-5x-5y\right)\left(4x-4+5x+5y\right)=\left(-x-4-5y\right)\left(9x+5y-4\right)\)
a/ $25x^2-1\\=(5x)^2-1^2\\=(5x-1)(5x+1)$
b/ $a^2-9\\=a^2-3^2\\=(a-3)(a+3)$
c/ $\dfrac{1}{4}a^2-\dfrac{9}{25}\\=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2\\=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{3}{5}\right)$
d/ $\dfrac{9}{4}a^4-\dfrac{16}{25}\\=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^2\\=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\\=\left[\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)^2\right]\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\\=\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a-\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a+\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)$
e/ $(2a+b)^2-a^2\\=(2a+b-a)(2a+b+a)\\=(a+b)(3a+b)$
f/ $16(x-1)^2-25(x+y)^2\\=[4(x-1)]^2-[5(x-y)]^2\\=[4(x-1)-5(x-y)][4(x-1)+5(x-y)]\\=[4x-4-5x+5y][4x-4+5x-5y]\\=(-x+5y-4)(9x-5y-4)$
\(a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2a^2c^2=\left(a^4-2a^2b^2+b^4\right)+2\left(a^2-b^2\right)c^2+c^4-4a^2c^2=\left(a^2-b^2+c^2\right)^2-\left(2ac\right)^2=\left(a^2-b^2+c^2-2ac\right)\left(a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac\right)\)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2a^2c^2\)
\(=\left(a^4-2a^2b^2+b^4\right)+2\left(a^2-b^2\right)c^2+c^4-4a^2c^2\)
\(=\left(a^2-b^2+c^2\right)^2-\left(2ac\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2-2ac+c^2-b^2\right)\left(a^2+2ac+c^2-b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-c-b\right)\left(a-c+b\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\left(a+c+b\right)\)
1a) \(=-\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^3\)
b) \(=-\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^3\)
\(a,=-\left(x-1\right)^3\left[=\left(1-x\right)^3\right]\\ b,=\left(1-x\right)^3\)
Bài 2:
1) \(x^2-4x+4=\left(x-2\right)^2\)
2) \(x^2-9=x^2-3^2=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
3) \(1-8x^3=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x+4x^2\right)\)
4) \(\left(x-y\right)^2-9x^2=\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(3x\right)^2=\left(x-y-3x\right)\left(x-y+3x\right)=\left(-2x-y\right)\left(4x-y\right)\)
5) \(\dfrac{1}{25}x^2-64y^2=\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x-8y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x+8y\right)\)
6) \(8x^3-\dfrac{1}{8}=\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(=4a^4+4a^2b^2+b^4-4a^2b^2\\ =\left(2a^2+b^2\right)^2-\left(2ab\right)^2\\ =\left(2a^2+b^2+2ab\right)\left(2a^2+b^2-2ab\right)\)
\(4a^4+b^4\)
\(=\left(2a^2\right)^2+\left(b^2\right)^2\)
\(=\left[\left(2a^2\right)^2+4a^2b^2+\left(b^2\right)^2\right]-4a^2b^2\)
\(=\left[2a^2+b^2\right]^2-\left(2ab\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2a^2+b^2+2ab\right)\left(2a^2+b^2-2ab\right)\)