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Bài 6 . Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy , ta có :
a2 + b2 ≥ 2ab ( a > 0 ; b > 0)
⇔ ( a + b)2 ≥ 4ab
⇔ \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)≥ ab
⇔ \(\dfrac{a+b}{4}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}\) ( 1 )
CMTT , ta cũng được : \(\dfrac{b+c}{4}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{bc}{b+c}\) ( 2) ; \(\dfrac{a+c}{4}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\)( 3)
Cộng từng vế của ( 1 ; 2 ; 3 ) , Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a+b}{4}\) + \(\dfrac{b+c}{4}\) + \(\dfrac{a+c}{4}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}\) + \(\dfrac{bc}{b+c}\) + \(\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}\) + \(\dfrac{bc}{b+c}\) + \(\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\)
Bài 4.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương a , b, c , ta có :
\(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\) ≥ \(2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\) ( a > 0 ; b > 0) ( 1)
\(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\) ≥ \(2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}}\) ( b > 0 ; c > 0) ( 2)
\(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\) ≥ \(2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a}}\) ( a > 0 ; c > 0) ( 3)
Nhân từng vế của ( 1 ; 2 ; 3) , ta được :
\(\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\) ≥ \(8\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=8\)
a, Ta có \(\sqrt{25-16}=\sqrt{9}=3\)
\(\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{16}=5-4=1\)
Do 3 > 1 nên \(\sqrt{25-16}>\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{16}\)
a) căn 25 - 16 > căn 25 - căn 16
b)Với a>b>0a>b>0 nên \sqrt{a},\sqrt{b},\sqrt{a-b}a,b,− đều xác định
Để so sánh \sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}a−b và \sqrt{a-b}− ta quy về so sánh \sqrt{a}a và \sqrt{a-b}+\sqrt{b}−+b.
+) (\sqrt{a})^2=a(a)2=a.
+) (\sqrt{a-b}+\sqrt{b})^2=(\sqrt{a-b})^2+2\sqrt{a-b}.\sqrt{b}+(\sqrt{b})^2=a-b+b+2\sqrt{a-b}.\sqrt{b}=a+2\sqrt{a-b}.\sqrt{b}(−+b)2=(−)2+2−.b+(b)2=a−b+b+2−.b=a+2−
.b.
Do a>b>0a>b>0 nên 2\sqrt{a-b}.\sqrt{b}>02−.b>0
\Rightarrow⇒ a+2\sqrt{a-b}.\sqrt{b}>aa+2−.b>a
\Rightarrow⇒ (\sqrt{a-b}+\sqrt{b})^2>(\sqrt{a})^2(−+b)2>(a)2
Do \sqrt{a},\sqrt{a-b}+\sqrt{b}>0a,−+b>0
\Rightarrow⇒ \sqrt{a-b}+\sqrt{b}>\sqrt{a}−+b>a
\Leftrightarrow⇔ \sqrt{a-b}>\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}−>a−b (đpcm)
Vậy \sqrt{a-b}>\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}−>a−b.
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}=1+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}+1+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}.\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
Theo Cosy với a;b;c >0
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{a}}=2\);\(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b}{c}\cdot\frac{c}{b}}=2\);\(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{c}{a}}=2\)
Do đó: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3+2+2+2=9\)đpcm.
Dấu "=" khi a=b=c=1/3.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a\left(a+b\right)+3b\left(a+b\right)-12ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2+3ab+3ab+3b^2-12ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2+3b^2-6ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế (1) (2)(3) ta được:
\(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}+\dfrac{8}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
ta có :\(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}\left(a>0;b>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=a+b-2+2\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-a-b+1=1\Leftrightarrow ab-a-b=0\)(1)
ta lại có :\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=1\Leftrightarrow ab=a+b\left(2\right)\)
từ (1) và (2) \(\Leftrightarrow a+b-a-b=0\Leftrightarrow0=0\)(luôn đúng)
=> đpcm
3) Đặt b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z.
=>a=(y+z-x)/2 ; b=(x+z-y)/2 ; c=(x+y-z)/2
BĐT cần CM <=> \(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
VT=\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}-1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}-1+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)-3\right]\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)(Cauchy)
Dấu''='' tự giải ra nhá
Bài 4
dễ chứng minh \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab;\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc;\left(a+c\right)^2\ge4ac\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\ge64a^2b^2c^2\)
rồi khai căn ra \(\Rightarrow\)dpcm.
đấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)
BĐT phụ:\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(true\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\) ( đpcm )
Vậy.......