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Ta có: \(\frac{x^2+y^2}{a^2+b^2}=\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2+y^2}{a^2+b^2}\right)-\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{x^2}{a^2}\right)+\left(\frac{y^2}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{1}{a^2}\right)+y^2\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{1}{b^2}\right)=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{1}{a^2}< 0\\\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{1}{b^2}< 0\end{cases}}\)mà \(x^2;y^2\ge0\)
Nên đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có : \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\left(y+z\right)\\y=-\left(z+x\right)\\z=-\left(x+y\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2\\y^2=\left(z+x\right)^2\\z=\left(x+y\right)^2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=a\left(y+z\right)^2+b\left(z+x\right)^2+c\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=ay^2+az^2+bz^2+bx^2+cx^2+cy^2+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(b+c\right)+y^2\left(c+a\right)+z^2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\left(1\right)\)
Từ \(a+b+c=0\) \(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\\a+b=-c\end{cases}}\)
Thay vào \(\left(1\right)\), ta được :
\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=-ax^2-by^2-cz^2+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)\(\Rightarrow ayz+bzx+cxy=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=-ax^2-by^2-cz^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
Bài 1:
a) Từ đkđb:
$x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z; y+z=-x; z+x=-y$
$\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\Rightarrow xbc+yac+zab=0$
$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a=-(b+c)\Rightarrow a^2=(b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a^2x=(b+c)^2x$.
Tương tự: $b^2y=(a+c)^2y; c^2z=(a+b)^2z$
Do đó:
$a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=(b+c)^2x+(a+c)^2y+(a+b)^2z=a^2(y+z)+b^2(z+x)+c^2(x+y)+2(xbc+yac+zab)$
$=a^2(-x)+b^2(-y)+c^2(-z)+2.0=-(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z)$
$\Rightarrow 2(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$
$\Rightarrow a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$ (đpcm)
b)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x=by+cz\\ y=ax+cz\\ z=ax+by\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{x+y+z}{2}=ax+by+cz\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ax=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\\ by=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-y=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\\ cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-z=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\\ b=\frac{x+z-y}{2y}\\ c=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=\frac{y+z+x}{2x}\\ b+1=\frac{x+z+y}{2y}\\ c+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=2\) (đpcm)
Bài 2:
Đặt $\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x; \frac{b_2}{b_1}=y; \frac{c_2}{c_1}=z$
Khi đó bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z\neq 0$ thỏa mãn \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
CMR: $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$
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Thật vậy:
Ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+yz+xz=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó: $x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)=1^2-2.0=1$ (đpcm)
Vậy........
Nhân cả 2 vế với a+b+c
Chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\) tương tự với \(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b};\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)luôn đúng do a;b>0
dễ rồi nhé
b) \(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=\left(\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=\left(1+1+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel (mình nói bđt như vậy,chỗ này bạn cứ nói theo cái bđt đề bài cho đi) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{4}\)
=>\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=>Pmax=3/4 <=> x=y=z=1/3
\(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}-\frac{z^2}{c^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{x^2}{a^2}\right)+\left(\frac{y^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}\right)+\left(\frac{z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{z^2}{c^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2.\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{a^2}\right)+y^2.\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{b^2}\right)+z^2.\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{c^2}\right)=0\)
vì \(a,b,c\ne0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{a^2}\right)\ne0\\\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\ne0\\\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\ne0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2=0\\y^2=0\\z^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=z=0\Rightarrow P=0+\frac{11}{2011}=\frac{11}{2011}\)
\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{x^2b^2+a^2y^2}{a^2b^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2\right)a^2b^2=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2b^2+a^2y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2x^2+a^2b^2y^2=a^2x^2b^2+a^4y^2+b^4x^2+a^2y^2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=a^4y^2+b^4x^2\)
Có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^4y^2\ge0\\b^4x^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) =>\(a^4y^2+b^4x^2\ge0\)
[=] xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^4y^2=0\\b^4x^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (vì a;b khác 0)
Vậy y=x=0 (đpcm)