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M = (1 + \(\frac{1}{x}\))(1 + \(\frac{1}{y}\)) . (1 - \(\frac{1}{x}\))(1 - \(\frac{1}{y}\))
= (1 + \(\frac{1}{x}\))(1 +\(\frac{1}{y}\) ) . \(\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}{x.y}\)
= (1 + \(\frac{1}{x}\))(1 + \(\frac{1}{y}\)) . \(\frac{\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)}{x.y}\)
= (1 + \(\frac{1}{x}\))(1 + \(\frac{1}{y}\))
= 1 + \(\frac{1}{x.y}\) + (\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)) = 1 + \(\frac{1}{x.y}\) + \(\frac{x+y}{x.y}\)
= 1 + \(\frac{1}{x.y}\) + \(\frac{1}{x.y}\) = 1 + \(\frac{2}{x.y}\)
Áp dụng bđt: xy \(\le\) \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)
=> M ≥ 1 + \(2:\frac{1}{4}\)= 9
Min M = 9 <=> x = y = 1/2
Áp dụng 2 bđt sau \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\end{cases}}\)(tự chứng minh nhé)
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{x}+x\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{y}+y\right)^2\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+x+y\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{4}{x+y}+1\right)^2}{2}=\frac{\left(4+1\right)^2}{2}=\frac{25}{2}\)
Dấu "=" tại x = y = 1/2
Sử dụng BĐT Am-Gm ta có:
\(A=2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)+\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy+\frac{4}{\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge4xy+\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{4xy.\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}.\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}}=6\sqrt[3]{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\4xy=\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{2}}\)
Bài 3: \(A=\frac{\left(2a+b+c\right)\left(a+2b+c\right)\left(a+b+2c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Đặt a+b=x;b+c=y;c+a=z
\(A=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{xy}.2\sqrt{yz}.2\sqrt{zx}}{xyz}=\frac{8xyz}{xyz}=8\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 4: \(A=\frac{9x}{2-x}+\frac{2}{x}=\frac{9x-18}{2-x}+\frac{18}{2-x}+\frac{2}{x}\ge-9+\frac{\left(\sqrt{18}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{2-x+x}=-9+\frac{32}{2}=7\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi\(\frac{\sqrt{18}}{2-x}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(K=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
Ta có: \(x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{x.\frac{1}{x}}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge8\)
\(K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(x+\frac{1}{x}+y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2=\frac{1}{2}\left(4x+\frac{1}{x}+4y+\frac{1}{y}-3\left(x+y\right)\right)^2\)
\(K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2\sqrt{\frac{4x}{x}}+2\sqrt{\frac{4y}{y}}-3.1\right)^2=\frac{25}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow K_{min}=\frac{25}{2}\) khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)