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PP : biến đổi tương đương
Bài làm
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+x\right)}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{4xy}{\left(x+y\right)xy}\)
Vì x , y >0 , ta suy ra (x+y)2 \(\ge\)4xy
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-4xy\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)
Hay (x-y)2 \(\ge\)0 ( điều này luôn đúng )
Vậy..........
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x^2+y^2\right)-xy^2}{x^2+y^2}=x-\dfrac{xy^2}{x^2+y^2}\ge x-\dfrac{xy^2}{2xy}=x-\dfrac{y}{2}\)
Khó quá. Đúng là Câu Hỏi Hay!!
a)Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}\)
Nhân theo vế 2 BĐT trên có:
\(A\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc\cdot\dfrac{1}{abc}}=9\)
Khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 2:
a)Sửa đề \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x+y}=\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Khi \(x=y\)
b)Áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\dfrac{4}{2b}=\dfrac{2}{b}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{c};\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(2VT\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=2VP\Leftrightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Khi \(a=b=c\)
Câu 1: Với \(a;b;c>0\), theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy:
\(a+b+c\ge3.\sqrt[3]{abc}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{abc}}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Nhân theo vế ta được \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow MinA=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
Ta có:\(\dfrac{x^2}{a}+\dfrac{y^2}{b}\) \(\geq\) \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{a+b}\)(1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{bx^2+ay^2}{ab}\) \(\geq\) \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)(bx2+ay2) \(\geq\) ab(x+y)2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) abx2+a2y2+b2x2+aby2 \(\geq\) ab(x2+2xy+y2)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) abx2+(ay)2+(bx)2+aby2 \(\geq\) abx2+2abxy+aby2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) abx2+(ay)2+(bx)2+aby2 -abx2-2abxy-aby2 \(\geq\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (ay)2-2abxy+(bx)2 \(\geq\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (ay)2-2(ay).(bx)+(bx)2 \(\geq\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (ay-bx)2 \(\geq\) 0(2)
Ta có BĐT(2) luôn đúng nên suy ra BĐT(1) luôn đúng.
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=y=0.
Cho mình sửa dấu =
Dấu= xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases} x=y\\ a=b \end{cases}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{x}{a}=m; \frac{y}{b}=n; \frac{z}{c}=p$ với $m,n,p>0$.
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
(m^2a+n^2b+p^2c)(a+b+c)\geq (am+bn+cp)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow m^2(ab+ac)+n^2(ba+bc)+p^2(ca+cb)\geq 2abmn+2amcp+2bncp$
$\Leftrightarrow ab(m^2-2mn+n^2)+bc(n^2-2np+p^2)+ca(m^2-2mp+p^2)\geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow ab(m-n)^2+bc(n-p)^2+ca(m-p)^2\geq 0$
(luôn đúng với $a,b,c>0$)
Ta có đpcm.
a: Thiếu vế phải rồi bạn
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}>=\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2>=4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)
2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
\(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y.\left(x+y\right)+b^2x.\left(x+y\right)\ge xy\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2xy+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2xy\ge a^2xy+2abxy+b^2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2+a^2xy-a^2xy+b^2xy-b^2xy\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi\(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
Xét hiệu:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2.y\left(x+y\right)}{xy\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{b^2x\left(x+y\right)}{xy\left(x+y\right)}-\dfrac{xy\left(a+b\right)^2}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2xy+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2xy-a^2xy-2abxy-b^2xy}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(ay-bx\right)^2}{x^2y+xy^2}\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
1) 2( a2 + b2 ) ≥ ( a + b)2
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 - a2 - 2ab - b2 ≥ 0
<=> a2 - 2ab + b2 ≥ 0
<=> ( a - b )2 ≥ 0 ( luôn đúng )
=> đpcm
2) Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương x , y , ta có :
a + b ≥ \(2\sqrt{ab}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ 2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ) ≥ \(2\sqrt{xy}\)2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\)) ≥ 4
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Lời giải:
Xét hiệu \((x+y)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)-4=\left(1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+1\right)-4\)
\(=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-2=\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}-2=\frac{x^2+y^2-2xy}{xy}=\frac{(x-y)^2}{xy}\geq 0, \forall x,y>0\)
Do đó \((x+y)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\geq 4\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((x-y)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\)