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Xét a=1,b=4,c=9 thì P=0
Xét \(a>1,b>4,c>9\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(P=\frac{bc.\sqrt{a-1}.1+\frac{ca}{2}.\sqrt{b-4}.2+\frac{ab}{3}.\sqrt{c-9}.3}{abc}\)
\(\le\frac{bc.\frac{a-1+1}{2}+\frac{ca}{2}.\frac{b-4+4}{2}+\frac{ab}{3}.\frac{c-9+9}{2}}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{abc}{2}+\frac{abc}{4}+\frac{abc}{6}}{abc}=\frac{\frac{11}{12}abc}{abc}=\frac{11}{12}\)
Nên GTLN của P là \(\frac{11}{12}\) đạt được khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a-1}=1\\\sqrt{b-4}=2\\\sqrt{c-9}=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a-1=1\\b-4=4\\c-9=9\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=8\\c=18\end{cases}}\)
\(P=\frac{bc\sqrt{a-1}+ca\sqrt{b-4}+ab\sqrt{c-9}}{abc}=\frac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c-9}}{c}\)
Vì \(a\ge1;b\ge4;c\ge9\). Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho các số dương ta được:
\(\sqrt{a-1}=1\cdot\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{1+a-1}{2}=\frac{a}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a-1}=1\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
\(\sqrt{b-4}=2\cdot\sqrt{b-4}\le\frac{4+b-4}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b-4}=2\Leftrightarrow b=8\)
\(\sqrt{c-9}=3\cdot\sqrt{c-9}\le\frac{9+c-9}{2}=\frac{c}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{c-9}=3\Leftrightarrow c=18\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c-9}}{c}\le\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{b}{2b}+\frac{c}{2c}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy GTLN của P\(=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=8;c=18\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si, ta được: \(P=\frac{bc\sqrt{a-1}+ca\sqrt{b-4}+ab\sqrt{c-9}}{abc}\)\(=\frac{bc\sqrt{\left(a-1\right).1}+\frac{1}{2}ca\sqrt{4.\left(b-4\right)}+\frac{1}{3}ab\sqrt{9.\left(c-9\right)}}{abc}\)\(\le\frac{bc.\frac{\left(a-1\right)+1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}ca.\frac{4+\left(b-4\right)}{2}+\frac{1}{3}ab.\frac{9+\left(c-9\right)}{2}}{abc}\)\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}abc+\frac{1}{4}abc+\frac{1}{6}abc}{abc}=\frac{\frac{11}{12}abc}{abc}=\frac{11}{12}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 2; b = 8; c = 18
\(P=bc.1.\sqrt{a-1}+\dfrac{ca}{3}.3.\sqrt{b-9}+\dfrac{ab}{4}.4.\sqrt{c-16}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{bc}{2}\left(1+a-1\right)+\dfrac{ca}{6}\left(9+b-9\right)+\dfrac{ab}{8}\left(16+c-16\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{abc}{2}+\dfrac{abc}{6}+\dfrac{abc}{8}=912\)
\(P_{max}=912\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2;18;32\right)\)
Ta có:
\(bc\sqrt{1\left(a-1\right)}\le bc.\frac{1+a-1}{2}=\frac{abc}{2}\)
\(ca\sqrt{b-4}=\frac{1}{2}ca\sqrt{4\left(b-4\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}ca.\frac{4+b-4}{2}=\frac{abc}{4}\)
\(ab\sqrt{c-9}=\frac{1}{3}ab.\sqrt{9\left(c-9\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}ab.\frac{9+c-9}{2}=\frac{abc}{6}\)
Từ đó suy ra \(P\le\frac{abc\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}\right)}{abc}=\frac{11}{12}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 2; b = 8; c = 18
Is that true?
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c-9}}{c}=\frac{\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\cdot1}}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{\left(b-4\right)\cdot4}}{b}+\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{\left(c-9\right)\cdot9}}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{\frac{a-1+1}{2}}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{\frac{b-4+4}{2}}{b}+\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{\frac{c-9+9}{2}}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{a}{2a}+\frac{b}{4b}+\frac{c}{6c}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}=\frac{11}{12}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=8\\c=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c+ab}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b+ca}}\)
\(=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{1-a-b+ab}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{1-b-c+bc}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{1-a-c+ca}}\)
\(=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(1-c\right)\left(1-a\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{a^2}{2\left(1-a\right)}+\frac{b^2}{2\left(1-b\right)}+\frac{b^2}{2\left(1-b\right)}+\frac{c^2}{2\left(1-c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{2\left(1-c\right)}+\frac{a^2}{2\left(1-a\right)}\)
\(=-\left(\frac{a^2}{a-1}+\frac{b^2}{b-1}+\frac{c^2}{c-1}\right)\)
\(\le-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c-3}=\frac{1}{3-1}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy GTLN là \(P=\frac{1}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Biến đổi một chút, ta có:\(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}\cdot\sqrt{\frac{bc}{c+a}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b+ca}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}\right);\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c+ab}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{a+b}\right)\)
Cộng ba bất đẳng thức trên lại theo vế, ta có:
\(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b+ca}}+\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c+ab}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{P}{1152}=\dfrac{bc\sqrt{a-1}+ca\sqrt{b-9}+ab\sqrt{c-16}}{1152}=\dfrac{bc\sqrt{a-1}+ca\sqrt{b-9}+ab\sqrt{c-16}}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{1152}=\dfrac{1.\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\dfrac{3.\sqrt{b-9}}{3b}+\dfrac{4\sqrt{c-16}}{4c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{P}{1152}\le\dfrac{1+a-1}{2a}+\dfrac{9+b-9}{6b}+\dfrac{16+c-16}{8c}=\dfrac{19}{24}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le912\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2;18;36\right)\)
Chắc chắn rằng đề bài thiếu, biểu thức này ko tồn tại max