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Theo giả thiết ta có 3 góc: \(\alpha;\beta=\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3};\gamma=\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\).
Ta có:
\(tan\alpha.tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)+tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right).tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)+\)\(tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right).tan\alpha\)
\(=tan\alpha\left[tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)+tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)\right]\)\(+tan\left(a+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)\)
\(=tan\alpha\dfrac{sin\left(2\alpha+\pi\right)}{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)\(+\dfrac{sin\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)sin\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)
\(=tan\alpha\dfrac{-sin2\alpha}{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)\(+\dfrac{cos\dfrac{\pi}{3}-cos\left(2\alpha+\pi\right)}{2cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2sin^2\alpha}{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)\(+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+cos2\alpha}{2cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-4sin^2\alpha+cos2\alpha}{2cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-4\left(1-cos^2\alpha\right)+2cos^2\alpha-1}{cos\dfrac{\pi}{3}+cos\left(2\alpha+\pi\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{6cos^2\alpha-\dfrac{9}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}-cos2\alpha}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(2cos^2\alpha-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}-\left(2cos^2\alpha-1\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(2cos^2\alpha-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}{\dfrac{3}{2}-2cos^2\alpha}=-3\).
\(4cos\alpha.cos\beta cos\gamma=4cos\alpha cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)\)
\(=4cos\alpha.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(cos\dfrac{\pi}{3}+cos\left(2\alpha+\pi\right)\right)\)
\(=4cos\alpha.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-cos2\alpha\right)\)
\(=cos\alpha-2cos\alpha.cos2\alpha\)
\(=cos\alpha-\left(cos\alpha+cos3\alpha\right)\)
\(=-cos3\alpha\)
\(=cos\left(\pi+3\alpha\right)\)
\(=cos3\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}+\alpha\right)\)
\(=cos3\beta\) (đpcm).
Hai mặt phẳng (AB′D′)(AB′D′) và (A′C′D)(A′C′D) có giao tuyến là EFEF như hình vẽ.
Hai tam giác ΔA′C′D=ΔD′AB′ΔA′C′D=ΔD′AB′ và EFEF là đường trung bình của hai tam giác nên từ A′A′ và D′D′ ta kẻ 2 đoạn vuông góc lên giao tuyến EFEF sẽ là chung một điểm HH như hình vẽ.
Khi đó, góc giữa hai mặt phẳng cần tìm chính là góc giữa hai đường thẳng A′HA′H và D′HD′H.
Tam giác DEFDEF lần lượt có D′E=D′B′2=√132D′E=D′B′2=132, D′F=D′A2=52D′F=D′A2=52, EF=B′A2=√5EF=B′A2=5.
Theo hê rông ta có: SDEF=√614SDEF=614. Suy ra D′H=2SDEFEF=√30510D′H=2SDEFEF=30510.
Tam giác D′A′HD′A′H có: cosˆA′HD′=HA′2+HD′2−A′D′22HA′.HD′=−2961cosA′HD′^=HA′2+HD′2−A′D′22HA′.HD′=−2961.
Do đó ˆA′HD′≈118,4∘A′HD′^≈118,4∘ hay (ˆA′H,D′H)≈180∘−118,4∘=61,6∘(A′H,D′H^)≈180∘−118,4∘=61,6∘.
Gọi NN và PP lần lượt là trung điểm của SASA và ABAB.
Theo tính chất đường trung bình trong tam giác ta có NP // SBNP//SB và PC // AMPC//AM.
Suy ra \alpha = \widehat{NP, PC}α=NP,PC.
Ta có NP = \dfrac{SB}2 = \dfrac{\sqrt5}2NP=2SB=25 và PC = AM = \sqrt 5PC=AM=5;\\ NC = \sqrt{NA^2 + AC^2} = \sqrt{\dfrac14 + 8} = \dfrac{\sqrt{33}}2.NC=+=41=233.
\Rightarrow \cos \widehat{NPC} = \dfrac{NP^2+PC^2-NC^2}{2.NP.PC} = \dfrac{\dfrac54 + 5 - \dfrac{33}4}{2.\dfrac{\sqrt5}2.\sqrt5} = -\dfrac25⇒cosNPC=2.NP.PCNP2+PC2−NC2=2.25.545+5−433=−52.
Vậy \cos \alpha = \dfrac25cosα=52.2/5
2.
ĐK: \(2x-y\ge0;y\ge0;y-x-1\ge0;y-3x+5\ge0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy-2y-3=\sqrt{y-x-1}+\sqrt{y-3x+5}\left(1\right)\\\left(1-y\right)\sqrt{2x-y}+2\left(x-1\right)=\left(2x-y-1\right)\sqrt{y}\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\sqrt{2x-y}+y-1+2x-y-1-\left(2x-y-1\right)\sqrt{y}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-y}-1\right)+\left(2x-y-1\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-y}-1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2x-y}-1\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-y}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-y}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{2x-y}+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\y=2x-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (Vì \(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{2x-y}+2>0\))
Nếu \(y=1\), khi đó:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x-5=\sqrt{-x}+\sqrt{-3x+6}\)
Phương trình này vô nghiệm
Nếu \(y=2x-1\), khi đó:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x-1=\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{4-x}\) (Điều kiện: \(2\le x\le4\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-3\right)+x-3+1-\sqrt{x-2}+1-\sqrt{4-x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{4-x}}-\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{x-2}}+2x+1\right)=0\)
Ta thấy: \(1+\sqrt{x-2}\ge1\Rightarrow-\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{x-2}}\ge-1\Rightarrow1-\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{x-2}}\ge0\)
Lại có: \(\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{4-x}}>0\); \(2x>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{4-x}}-\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{x-2}}+2x+1>0\)
Nên phương trình \(\left(1\right)\) tương đương \(x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\Rightarrow y=5\)
Ta thấy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;5\right)\) thỏa mãn điều kiện ban đầu.
Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;5\right)\)
+) Xét \(\beta = - \alpha \), khi đó:
\(\begin{array}{l}cos\beta = cos\left( {-{\rm{ }}\alpha } \right) = cos\alpha ;\\sin\beta = sin\left( {-{\rm{ }}\alpha } \right) = -sin\alpha \Leftrightarrow sin\alpha = -sin\beta .\end{array}\)
Do đó A thỏa mãn.
Đáp án: A
a) Ta có: \({\left( {\sin \alpha + \cos \alpha } \right)^2} = {\sin ^2}\alpha + 2\sin \alpha \cos \alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = 1 + \sin 2\alpha \;\)
b) \({\cos ^4}\alpha - {\sin ^4}\alpha = \left( {{{\cos }^2}\alpha - {{\sin }^2}\alpha } \right)\left( {{{\cos }^2}\alpha + {{\sin }^2}\alpha } \right) = \cos 2\alpha \;\)
Lần lượt kẻ \(AE\perp SB\) (1) và \(AF\perp SD\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}SA\perp\left(ABCD\right)\Rightarrow SA\perp BC\\AB\perp BC\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow BC\perp\left(SAB\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow BC\perp AE\) (2)
(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow AE\perp\left(SBC\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có \(AF\perp\left(SCD\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Góc giữa (SBC) và (SCD) là góc giữa AE và AF
Cũng từ \(BC\perp\left(SAB\right)\) mà \(BC=\left(SBC\right)\cap\left(ABCD\right)\Rightarrow\widehat{SBA}\) là góc giữa (SBCD) và đáy
\(\Rightarrow\widehat{SBA}=60^0\Rightarrow SA=AB.tan60^0=a\sqrt{3}\)
Hệ thức lượng: \(\dfrac{1}{AE^2}=\dfrac{1}{SA^2}+\dfrac{1}{AB^2}\Rightarrow AE=\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{AF^2}=\dfrac{1}{SA^2}+\dfrac{1}{AD^2}\Rightarrow AF=\dfrac{a\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
\(SB=\sqrt{SA^2+AB^2}=2a\) ; \(SD=a\sqrt{6}\)
\(BD=\sqrt{AB^2+AD^2}=2a\Rightarrow cos\widehat{BSD}=\dfrac{SB^2+SD^2-BD^2}{2SB.SD}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{4}\)
\(SE=\sqrt{SA^2-AE^2}=\dfrac{3a}{2}\) ; \(SF=\sqrt{SA^2-AF^2}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow EF=\sqrt{SE^2+SF^2-2SE.SF.cos\widehat{BSD}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow cos\widehat{EAF}=\dfrac{AE^2+AF^2-EF^2}{2AE.AF}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\)
1.a) \(4cos\dfrac{\alpha}{2}.cos\dfrac{\beta}{2}.cos\dfrac{f}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.4\left[cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\right)\right].cos\dfrac{f}{2}\)
\(=2.cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\right)cos\dfrac{f}{2}+2.cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\right).cos\dfrac{f}{2}\)
\(=cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha-\left(\beta+f\right)}{2}\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha-\beta+f}{2}\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha+\beta-f}{2}\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha+\beta+f}{2}\right)\)
\(=cos\left(\dfrac{2\alpha-\pi}{2}\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{\pi-2\beta}{2}\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{\pi-2f}{2}\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\)
\(=cos\left(-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\alpha\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\beta\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-f\right)\)
\(=sin\alpha+sin\beta+sinf\) (đpcm)
a2) \(1+4sin\dfrac{\alpha}{2}.sin\dfrac{\beta}{2}.sin\dfrac{f}{2}\)
\(=1+2\left[cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\right)-cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\right)\right].sin\dfrac{f}{2}\)
\(=1+2.cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha-\beta}{2}\right).sin\dfrac{f}{2}-2.cos\left(\dfrac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\right).sin\dfrac{f}{2}\)
\(=1+sin\left(\dfrac{f-\alpha+\beta}{2}\right)+sin\left(\dfrac{a-\beta+f}{2}\right)-sin\left(\dfrac{f-\left(\alpha+\beta\right)}{2}\right)-sin\left(\dfrac{\alpha+\beta+f}{2}\right)\)
\(=1+sin\left(\dfrac{\pi-2\alpha}{2}\right)+sin\left(\dfrac{\pi-2\beta}{2}\right)-sin\left(\dfrac{2f-\pi}{2}\right)-sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\)
\(=sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)+sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\beta\right)+sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-f\right)\)
\(=cos\alpha+cos\beta+cosf\) (đpcm)