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Đặt A = VT
từ giả thiết, ta suy ra:
\(A=\dfrac{b+c+a+b+c-2}{2+a}+\dfrac{c+a+a+b+c-3}{3+b}+\dfrac{a+b+a+b+c-4}{4+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-2-a}{2+a}+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-3-b}{3+b}+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-4-c}{4+c}\)
\(=2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2+a}+\dfrac{1}{3+b}+\dfrac{1}{4+c}\right)-3\)
\(=18\left(\dfrac{1}{2+a}+\dfrac{1}{3+b}+\dfrac{1}{4+c}\right)-3\)
Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{2+a}+\dfrac{1}{3+b}+\dfrac{1}{4+c}\)
Áp dụng bđt schwarz cho các số thực không âm:
\(B\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c+9}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
vậy \(A\ge18\cdot B-3=18\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}-3=6\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{1}{2+a}=\dfrac{1}{3+b}=\dfrac{1}{4+c}=\dfrac{1}{6}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\b=3\\c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+2}+\frac{1}{c^2+b^2+2}+\frac{1}{a^2+c^2+2}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2+2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{c^2+a^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)
\(\ge\frac{\sqrt{3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Cần chứng minh \(\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\) *luôn đúng*
Lời giải ở đây: https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/question/486195.html
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+c^2+2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+a^2+2}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2+2}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{c^2+a^2+2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\) *luôn đúng*
Em có cách khác :v
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+2}\le\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}+2}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\left(3-c\right)^2}{2}+2}\\ =\dfrac{2}{\left(3-c\right)^2+4}=\dfrac{2}{c^2-6c+13}\)
Ta cần CM:
\(\dfrac{2}{c^2-6c+13}\le\dfrac{1}{8}c+\dfrac{1}{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(3-c\right)\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\left(luon;dung\right)\\ \Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{8}a+\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}b+\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}c+\dfrac{1}{8}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Nguồn : Anh hùng
Đặt A=\(\dfrac{b+c+5}{1+a}+\dfrac{c+a+4}{2+b}+\dfrac{a+b+3}{3+c}\)
Ta có :A+3=\(\left(\dfrac{b+c+5}{1+a}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{c+a+4}{2+b}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{a+b+3}{3+a}+1\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{a+b+c+6}{1+a}+\dfrac{a+b+c+6}{2+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c+6}{3+c}\)
=\(\left(a+b+c+6\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{1}{2+b}+\dfrac{1}{3+c}\right)\)
=\([\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+2\right)+\left(c+3\right)|\left(\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+3}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM dạng \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)( với x,y,z>0)
Ta có :A+3\(\ge9\)\(\Rightarrow A\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=3,b=2,c=1
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{bc}{2};\dfrac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{ac}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge3-\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}>\dfrac{2018}{2003}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Minkowski, ta có:
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel, ta có:
\(A\ge\sqrt{6^2+\left(\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2}=\sqrt{6^2+\left(\dfrac{9}{6}\right)^2}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
Đặt: \(L=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}+b^2}=\dfrac{a^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Chứng minh tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\dfrac{b^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\\\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\dfrac{c^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế: \(L\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{a^2+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\dfrac{b}{2}\)
Chứng minh tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{c}{2}\\\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(L\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt biểu thức vế trái là $A$
Ta có:
\(A+3=\frac{b+c+5}{a+1}+1+\frac{a+c+4}{b+2}+1+\frac{a+b+3}{c+3}+1\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c+6}{a+1}+\frac{a+b+c+6}{b+2}+\frac{a+b+c+6}{c+3}\)
\(=(a+b+c+6)\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+3}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz hay (Svac-sơ) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+3}\geq \frac{9}{a+1+b+2+c+3}=\frac{9}{a+b+c+6}\)
\(\Rightarrow A+3\geq (a+b+c+6).\frac{9}{a+b+c+6}=9\Rightarrow A\geq 6\) (đpcm)
Thanks thầy/cô Akai Haruma ạ!!!