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\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Mong mọi người giúp mình với, lâu không dùng bất đẳng thức nên quên. Cám ơn mọi người nhiều!
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số dương:
\(a^2+bc\geq 2\sqrt{a^2bc}; b^2+ac\geq 2\sqrt{b^2ac}; c^2+ab\geq 2\sqrt{c^2ab}\)
Do đó:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2ab}}\)
hay \(\text{VT}\leq \frac{\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}}{2abc}(*)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \sqrt{bc}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}\\ \sqrt{ac}\leq \frac{a+c}{2}\\ \sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{a+b}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\leq a+b+c(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Do $a+b+c=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c(a+b+c)+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a(a+b+c)+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b(a+b+c)+ac}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{(b+c)(b+a)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{(b+c)(b+a)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3+a^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\\3+b^2\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\3+c^2\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{3+a^2}}\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\\\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{3+b^2}}\le\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\\\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{3+c^2}}\le\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+b}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (2)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (3)
Từ (1) , (2) , (3)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+3}}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta luôn có \(\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(a+b\right)}{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{a+b}{ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b+c}{bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a+c}{ac}}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a+b}{ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b+c}{bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a+c}{ac}}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{c}}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
Cộng theo vế và thu gọn:
$\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\geq \frac{3(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\Leftrightarrow 3\geq \frac{3(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\Rightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3$
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
$a^3+a^3+a^3+a^3+b^3+c^3\geq 6\sqrt[6]{a^{12}b^3c^3}=6a^2\sqrt{bc}$
$b^3+b^3+b^3+b^3+a^3+c^3\geq 6b^2\sqrt{ac}$
$c^3+c^3+c^3+c^3+a^3+b^3\geq 6c^2\sqrt{ab}$
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn thu được:
$a^3+b^3+c^3\geq a^2\sqrt{bc}+b^2\sqrt{ac}+c^2\sqrt{ab}$
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Từng sau em hạn chế đăng nhiều bài cùng một lúc như thế này nhé.
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(a+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}=(a-b)+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số không âm ta có:
\((a-b)+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}\geq 4\sqrt[4]{\frac{4(a-b)(b+1)^2}{4(a-b)(b+1)^2}}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow a+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}=(a-b)+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}-1\geq 4-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}\geq 3\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a-b=\frac{b+1}{2}=\frac{4}{(a-b)(b+1)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=2; b=1\)
Bài 2:
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a}{b}, \frac{b}{c}, \frac{c}{a}\right)\mapsto (x,y,z)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\geq \frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=xy+yz+xz(*)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^2+y^2\geq 2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2xy\)
\(y^2+z^2\geq 2\sqrt{y^2z^2}=2yz\)
\(z^2+x^2\geq 2\sqrt{z^2x^2}=2zx\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\Rightarrow 2(x^2+y^2+z^2)\geq 2(xy+yz+xz)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\geq xy+yz+xz\)
Do đó (*) đúng, ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 3:
Ta có: \(\text{VT}=(\frac{b}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{c}})+(\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}})\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((\frac{b}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{c}})(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})\geq (\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a})^2\)
\(\frac{b}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{c}}\geq \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}(1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\sqrt{abc}}}=3(2)\) do $abc=1$
Từ \((1); (2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+3\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{a+abc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+abc}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+abc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3abc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3}}=\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{3+ab+bc+ca}\)
Tức cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{3+ab+bc+ca}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3+ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
Đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=k\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(k\ge1\right)\) và ta cần cm:
\(9(k+2)k\geq(3k+1)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow12k-1\ge9\) *đúng với \(k\ge 1\) :|*