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Ta đi chứng minh BĐT : \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2\left(bc+ac-ab\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ac\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a+b-c\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng.
\(\Rightarrow2\left(bc+ac-ab\right)\le\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ac-ab\le\dfrac{5}{6}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}< \dfrac{1}{abc}\)
Bài 2:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}>2\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\). Ta lại có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Thiết lập các BĐT tương tự:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c};\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\ge2\)
Dấu "=" không xảy ra nên ta có ĐPCM
Lưu ý: lần sau đăng từng bài 1 thôi nhé !
1) Áp dụng liên tiếp bđt \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) với a;b là 2 số dương ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}}{4}\)\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
TT: \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}{16}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
áp dụng bdt côsi \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{3}{b}\)
tuông tu \(\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{3}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{a}\)
suy ra vt +\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
suy ra dpcm
dau = xay ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\), ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\) (1)
Lại áp dụng tương tự ta có:
\(\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2\ge ab^2c+abc^2+a^2bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô -si, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}.\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{a}}=\dfrac{3}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}.\dfrac{1}{b}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=\dfrac{3}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{c}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=\dfrac{3}{a}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
p/s: không chắc lắm, có gì sai xót xin giúp đỡ
Lời giải:
\(a+b+c=abc\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)=a^2bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)+bc=bc(a^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(a+c)=bc(a^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+1=\frac{(a+b)(a+c)}{bc}\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c})\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{ac}{(b+a)(b+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{c}{b+c})\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{b+c})\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a})=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\sqrt{3}$
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a+b+c\\y=ab+bc+ca\end{matrix}\right.\) khi đó \(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+4x+y+3}{x^2+2x+y+xy}\le\dfrac{12+4x+y}{9+4x+2y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+4x+y+3}{x^2+2x+y+xy}-1\le\dfrac{12+4x+y}{9+4x+2y}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+3-xy}{x^2+2x+y+xy}\le\dfrac{3-y}{9+4x+2y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5x^2-3x^2y-xy^2-6xy+24x+y^2+3y+27}{\left(4x+2y+9\right)\left(x^2+xy+2x+y\right)}\le0\)
Đúng vì \(\dfrac{5}{3}x^2y\ge5x^2;\dfrac{x^2y}{3}\ge y^2;xy^2\ge9x;5xy\ge15x;xy\ge3y;x^2y\ge27\)