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Xét thấy : \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2};\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3};...;\frac{1}{2013^2}< \frac{1}{2012\cdot2013}\)
Khi đó : \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2013^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\frac{1}{2012\cdot2013}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2013}< 1\)
Hay \(A< 1\)
S = \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...\frac{1}{2^{2012}}+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
2S = \(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...\frac{1}{2^{2011}}+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
S = 2S - S = \(\left(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...\frac{1}{2^{2011}}+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\) - \(\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...\frac{1}{2^{2012}}+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\right)\)
S = 1 - \(\frac{1}{2013}\)
Vì 1 trừ cho số nào lớn hơn 0 thì hiệu đó cũng bé hơn 1
=> S < 1 (đpcm)
S=\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
2S=\(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
S=2S-S=(\(1+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\))-(\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\))
S=1-\(\frac{1}{2013}\)
Vì 1 trừ cho số nào lớn hơn 0 thì hiệu đó cũng bé hơn 1
=>S<1
c)\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
\(2A=2\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)
\(2A=2+1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2011}}\)
\(2A-A=\left(2+1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2011}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)
\(A=2-\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
1/
A=1/1-1/2+1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+...+1/99-1/100
A=1/1-1/100
Vì 1/100>0
-->1/1-1/100<1
-->A<1
A = 1/2.2 + 1/3.3 +.......+ 1/2013.2013
A < 1/1.2 + 1/2.3 +........+ 1/2012.2013
A < 1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 +......+ 1/2012 - 1/2013
A < 1 - 1/2013
A < 2012/2013 < 1
=> A < 1 (đpcm)
ta có \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2};\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3};...;\frac{1}{2012^2}< \frac{1}{2011.2012}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2012^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)
mà \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2011.2012}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-...-\frac{1}{2011}+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2012}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Giả sử có tấm bìa diện tích 1.
Ta cắt ra 1/2 tấm bìa, lấy đi 1 phần, rồi lại cắt ra 1/2 tấm còn lại (tức là 1/4), rồi lấy đi một phần...
Cứ làm như vậy 2013 lần thì ta đã lấy đi một diện tích \(S\), nhưng vẫn còn một góc bìa chưa bị lấy đi.
Vậy \(S< 1\)
a, \(A=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+\frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\frac{1}{99\cdot100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+\left(1-\frac{1}{100}\right)\Rightarrow A< 1+1-\frac{1}{100}\Rightarrow A< 2-\frac{1}{100}\Rightarrow A< 2\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
b, \(B=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\frac{1}{2011\cdot2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1-\frac{1}{2012}\Rightarrow B< 1\left(1\right)\)
\(B=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B>\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{2012\cdot2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow B>\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow B>\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2013}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2013}< B\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2013}< B< 1\)
a)A=1+1/22+1/32+....+1/1002
<1+1/1.2+1/2.3+...+1/99.100=1+1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/99-1/100=2-1/100=199/200<2
b)B=1/22+1/32+...+1/20122
<1/1.2+1/2.3+...+1/2011.2012=1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/2011-1/2012=1-1/2012=2011/2012
1/2-1/2013=2011/4026<2011/2012<1
\(n^2>\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\Rightarrow\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right).\)
Do đó: \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2013^2}+\frac{1}{2014^2}< \frac{1}{1.3}+\frac{1}{2.4}+\frac{1}{3.5}+...+\frac{1}{2012.2014}+\frac{1}{2013.2015}=\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}[1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2014}+\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2015}]=\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}[1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2015}]=\frac{1}{2}[\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2015}]=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2014}+\frac{1}{2015}\right)< \frac{3}{4}.\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}<\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)
\(A<1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(A<1-\frac{1}{2012}=\frac{2011}{2012}<1\)
\(A<1\) (ĐPCM)
Đ/s: ĐPCM
Tích nha
Nguyễn Thủy Nhi