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gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Bài 1 :
a) \(ĐKXĐ:\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge0\\x\ne4\\x\ne9\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\left(1-\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right):\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{3-\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\frac{x-9-x+4+\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\frac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
b) Để \(A< -1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}< -1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-2< -\sqrt{x}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}< 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x< \frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy để \(A< -1\Leftrightarrow x< \frac{1}{4}\)
Để ý: \(ab+bc+ca=\frac{\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\right]}{2}\).
Do đó đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=x>0;a+b+c=y>0\). Bài toán được viết lại thành:
Cho \(y^2+5x=24\), tìm max:
\(P=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y^2-x}{2}=\frac{5x}{5y}+\frac{y^2-x}{2}\)
\(=\frac{24-y^2}{5y}+\frac{y^2-\frac{24-y^2}{5}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{24-y^2}{5y}+\frac{3\left(y^2-4\right)}{5}\)\(=\frac{3y^3-y^2-12y+24}{5y}\)
Đặt \(y=t\). Dễ thấy \(12=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3t^2-5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Và dễ dàng chứng minh \(ab+bc+ca\le3\)
Suy ra \(3t^2=12+5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le27\Rightarrow t\le3\). Mặt khác do a, b, c>0 do đó \(0< t\le3\).
Ta cần tìm Max P với \(P=\frac{3t^3-t^2-12t+24}{5t}\)và \(0< t\le3\)
Ta thấy khi t tăng thì P tăng. Do đó P đạt giá trị lớn nhất khi t lớn nhất.
Khi đó P = 3. Vậy...
Ta có \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{2}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự, rồi cộng lại, ta có
A\(\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)
dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
^_^
1.Ta có: \(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab\)
\(=ac+bc+c^2+ab\)
\(=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
CMTT \(a+bc=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(b+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
Từ đó \(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)( theo BĐT AM-GM)
CMTT\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}.3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy /...
\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{ab^2-b^2}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\)
\(=a+1-\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{2}=a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại:
\(RHS\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}a^2\left(\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}+1\right)\left[\left(\sqrt[3]{b}-\sqrt[3]{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{b}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{c}-1\right)^2\right]}{2\left(a+2\right)\left(a+\sqrt[3]{bc}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}=\Sigma_{cyc}A+\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2\left(a-1\right)^2}{3\left(a+2\right)}+\frac{5}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)-1\ge\frac{5}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)-1=\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)\(\ge\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)
Chứng minh rằng : \(\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18\ge3\left(3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow18\ge9+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}+3\sqrt[3]{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 3 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}\\b+c+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{bc}\\c+a+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{ca}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)+3\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge3\sqrt[3]{ab}+3\sqrt[3]{bc}+3\sqrt[3]{ca}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vì \(\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Mà \(\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{9}{3+\sqrt[3]{bc}+\sqrt[3]{ca}+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{b^2}{b+\sqrt[3]{ca}}+\frac{c^2}{c+\sqrt[3]{ab}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
.-.
Dễ dàng chứng minh được \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\\ab=\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó : \(a^2+ab+b^2=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2\right]+\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}+\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{2}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}-\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}+\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)( vì \(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\))
Ta có : \(\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}}\le\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}\left(a+b\right)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+bc+c^2}}\le\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}\left(b+c\right)}\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+ca+c^2}}\le\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}\left(a+c\right)}\end{cases}}\)
Công theo vế của 3 bđt ta được :
\(A\le\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot2\cdot\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
Đến đây ta chỉ cần tìm max \(B=\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schawarz dạng engel : \(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{2\cdot3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Tuy nhiên bđt trên đã bị ngược dấu :( mọi người giúp mình với ạ
Ta có a2+ab+b2=(a+b)2-ab\(\ge\left(a+b\right)^2-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(3-c\right)^2}{4}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}}\le\frac{2}{3-c}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+bc+c^2}}\le\frac{2}{3-a}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+ca+a^2}}\le\frac{2}{3-b}\)
=> \(A\le2\left(\frac{1}{3-a}+\frac{1}{3-b}+\frac{1}{3-c}\right)\)
Đến đây chứng minh <1 là xong
Dấu :"=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Ta có
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{a}{c+a}}.\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+b}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)}\)
Cộng vế theo vế của 3 bđt ta được đpcm
Ta có: \(3\ge a+b+c\Leftrightarrow9\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Khi đó:
\(A=\Sigma\left(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+3}}\right)\le\Sigma\left(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}\right)=\Sigma\left(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\right)=\Sigma\left(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+b}\cdot\frac{bc}{c+a}}\right)\)
\(\le\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{c+a}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{c+a}+\frac{ca}{b+a}+\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{ab}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(a+b+c\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)