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a)\(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}-\frac{1}{64}< \frac{1}{3}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{16}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{32}-\frac{1}{64}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{64}\)
\(=\frac{16+4+1}{64}\)
\(=\frac{21}{64}< \frac{1}{3}\)(đpcm)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{2}{3};\frac{3}{4}< \frac{4}{5};\frac{5}{6}< \frac{6}{7};....;\frac{99}{100}< \frac{100}{101}\)
Đặt \(B=\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{100}{101}\)\(\Rightarrow B>A\)
\(\Rightarrow A.B=\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{99}{100}\right).\left(\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}...\frac{100}{101}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A.B=\frac{1}{101}\)
Vì \(B>A\)\(\Rightarrow A.B>A.A=A^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{101}>A^2\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{10^2}>\frac{1}{101}>A^2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{10^2}>A^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{10}< A\left(1\right)\)\(\)
Ta lai có :
\(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2};\frac{3}{4}>\frac{2}{3};\frac{5}{6}>\frac{4}{5};...;\frac{99}{100}>\frac{98}{99}\)
Đặt \(C=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}...\frac{98}{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow A.C=\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}...\frac{99}{100}\right).\left(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}...\frac{98}{99}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A.C=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}...\frac{98}{99}.\frac{99}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A.C=\frac{1}{200}\)
Vì \(A>C\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2>A.C=\frac{1}{200}\)
Mà \(A^2>\frac{1}{200}>\frac{1}{15^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2>\frac{1}{15^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{15}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{15}< A< \frac{1}{10}\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Bài giải
\(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{2}{3}\text{ ; }\frac{3}{4}< \frac{4}{5}\text{ ; }\frac{5}{6}< \frac{6}{7}\text{ ; }...\text{ ; }\frac{99}{100}< \frac{100}{101}\)
\(\text{Đặt }B=\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot\frac{6}{7}\cdot...\cdot\frac{100}{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }A=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{5}{6}\cdot...\cdot\frac{99}{100}< B=\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot\frac{6}{7}\cdot...\cdot\frac{100}{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }A\cdot A< A\cdot B=\left(\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{5}{6}\cdot...\cdot\frac{99}{100}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot\frac{6}{7}\cdot...\cdot\frac{100}{101}\right)\)
\(A\cdot A< A\cdot B=\frac{1}{101}< \frac{1}{10}\)
\(A^2< \frac{1}{10}\text{ }\Rightarrow\text{ }A< \frac{1}{10}^{^{\left(1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\text{ ; }\frac{3}{4}>\frac{2}{3}\text{ ; }\frac{5}{6}>\frac{4}{5}\text{ ; }...\text{ ; }\frac{99}{100}>\frac{98}{99}\)
\(\text{Đặt }C=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot...\cdot\frac{98}{99}\)
\(A\cdot C=\left(\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{5}{6}\cdot...\cdot\frac{99}{100}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot...\cdot\frac{98}{99}\right)\)
\(A\cdot C=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{4}{5}\cdot\frac{5}{6}\cdot...\cdot\frac{98}{99}\cdot\frac{99}{100}\)
\(A\cdot C=\frac{1}{200}\)
\(\text{Vì }A>C\text{ }\Rightarrow\text{ }A^2>A\cdot C=\frac{1}{200}\)
\(\text{Mà }A^2>\frac{1}{200}>\frac{1}{15^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }A>\frac{1}{15}^{^{\left(2\right)}}\)
\(\text{Từ }^{\left(1\right)}\text{ và }^{\left(2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }\frac{1}{15}< A< \frac{1}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }\text{ĐPCM}\)
\(4A=4+4^2+...+4^{100}\)
\(4A-A=\left(4+4^2+...+4^{100}\right)-\left(1+4+...+4^{99}\right)\)
\(3A=4^{100}-1\)
\(A=\frac{4^{100}-1}{3}< \frac{4^{100}}{3}=B\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(3A=1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}+\frac{4}{3^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}+\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
\(3A-A=\left(1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}+\frac{4}{3^3}...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}+\frac{100}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(2A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(6A=3+1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
\(6A-2A=\left(3+1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(4A=3-\frac{100}{3^{99}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=3-\frac{300}{3^{100}}-\frac{3}{3^{100}}+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=3-\frac{303}{3^{100}}+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=3-\frac{203}{3^{100}}< 3\)
\(A< \frac{3}{4}\)
\(4A=4+4^2+...+4^{100}\)
\(A=1+4+4^2+..+4^{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A=4A-A=4^{100}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow3A< 4^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3A}{B}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{A}{B}< \frac{1}{3}\)