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\(\frac{3}{2}x^2+y^2+z^2+yz=1\Leftrightarrow3x^2+2y^2+2z^2+2yz=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)+\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2=2\)
Suy ra : \(A^2\le2\Rightarrow A\le\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy Max A = \(\sqrt{2}\) khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\x=z\\x+y+z=\sqrt{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\) ( 1 )
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+zy}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
bài này \(P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) là BĐT Nesbitt có vô vàn cách c/m BĐT này từ cách cấp 1-> cấp 3 bn cần thì IB
còn đây là cách c/m tổng quát có thể áp dụng cho mọi bài cả bài này Here
Bài 1:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{x(x+y+z)+yz}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{y(x+y+z)+xz}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{z(x+y+z)+xy}}\)
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}=\sqrt{(x+y)(z+x)}\geq \sqrt{(\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy})^2}=\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}\leq \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
\(Q\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Vậy $Q$ max bằng $1$
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1-x^2}{x(x+y+z)+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y(x+y+z)+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z(x+y+z)+xy}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(x+y+z)^2-x^2}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-y^2}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-z^2}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(y+z)[(x+y)+(x+z)]}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+z)[(y+z)+(y+x)]}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y)[(z+x)+(z+y)]}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{2(y+z)\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{2(x+z)\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{2(x+y)\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq 2\underbrace{\left(\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{x+z}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\right)}_{M}\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM cho 3 số trong ngoặc lớn, suy ra \(M\geq 3\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq 2.3=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $3x=3y=3z=1$
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\left(\frac{x}{y}; \frac{y}{z}; \frac{z}{x}\right)=(a,b,c)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
Khi đó:
\(A^2+B^2+C^2-ABC=(b+\frac{1}{b})^2+(c+\frac{1}{c})^2+(a+\frac{1}{a})^2-(a+\frac{1}{a})(b+\frac{1}{b})(c+\frac{1}{c})\)
\(=b^2+\frac{1}{b^2}+2+c^2+\frac{1}{c^2}+2+a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+2-(ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{1}{ab})(c+\frac{1}{c})\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})+6-[abc+\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)+\frac{1}{abc}]\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+6-[1+\left(\frac{abc}{c^2}+\frac{abc}{a^2}+\frac{abc}{b^2}\right)+\left(\frac{a^2}{abc}+\frac{b^2}{abc}+\frac{c^2}{abc}\right)+1]\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+6-[1+(\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{a^2})+(a^2+b^2+c^2)+1]\)
\(=4\)
Câu 2:
Ta có:
\(xy+yz+xz+2xyz=\frac{ab}{(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{bc}{(c+a)(a+b)}+\frac{ac}{(b+c)(a+b)}+\frac{2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{ab(a+b)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{bc(b+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{ac(a+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ca(c+a)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{(a+b+c)(ab+bc)+ac(a+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=\frac{(c+a)b(a+b+c)+ac(a+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{(a+c)[b(a+b+c)+ac]}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=\frac{(a+c)[b(a+b)+c(a+b)]}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{(a+c)(b+c)(a+b)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=1\)
4
ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{-1}{z}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{x^3}+3\times\dfrac{1}{x^2}\times\dfrac{1}{y}+3\times\dfrac{1}{x}\times\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}-3\times\dfrac{1}{x^2}\times\dfrac{1}{y}-3\times\dfrac{1}{x}\times\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^3-3\times\dfrac{1}{xy}\times\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\left(\dfrac{-1}{z}\right)^3-3\times\dfrac{1}{xy}\times\left(\dfrac{-1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=-\dfrac{1}{z^3}+3\times\dfrac{1}{xyz}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)=3\)(ĐPCM)
Từ \(\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{yz}{y+z}=\frac{xz}{x+z}\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{y+z}{yz}=\frac{x+z}{xz}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{xy}+\frac{y}{xy}=\frac{y}{yz}+\frac{z}{yz}=\frac{x}{xz}+\frac{z}{xz}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{x}=\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}=\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{z}\Rightarrow x=y=z\).Khi đó
\(P=\frac{20xy+4yz+2013xz}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{20x^2+4x^2+2013x^2}{x^2+x^2+x^2}=\frac{2037x^2}{3x^2}=679\)
cho x,y>0 thỏa mãn \(^{x^2+y^2-xy=8}\)
tìm GTNN và GTNN của biểu thức M=\(^{x^2+y^2}\)
+ Theo bđt cauchy :
\(\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}\cdot\frac{x}{2}\cdot\frac{x+1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{x}{2}=\frac{x+1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
+ Tương tự :
\(\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) Dấu "=" <=> y = 1
\(\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) Dấu "=" <=> z = 1
Do đó : \(P+\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{x+y+z+3}{4}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{9}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" <=> x = y = z = 1
1, Ta có: \(x+y=9\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=81\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2=81\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2=45\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-2xy=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-y=3\\x-y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=x^3-y^3=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}A=3.63=189\\A=-3.63=-189\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy...
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương , ta có :
\(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\) ≥ \(2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z}.\dfrac{yz}{x}}=2\sqrt{y^2}=2y\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\) ≥ \(2\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x}.\dfrac{xz}{y}}=2\sqrt{z^2}=2z\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\) ≥ \(2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z}.\dfrac{xz}{y}}=2\sqrt{x^2}=2x\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế của ( 1 ; 2 ; 3) , ta được :
\(2\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\right)\) ≥ \(2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\) ≥ \(x+y+z=2019\)
⇒ \(P_{Min}=2019\) ⇔ \(x=y=z=673\)
Giải:
Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{zx}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{zx}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{zx}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\right)\right]\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, có:
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{zx}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{zx}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\right)\right]\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z}.\dfrac{yz}{x}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x}.\dfrac{zx}{y}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y}.\dfrac{xy}{z}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z}.\dfrac{yz}{x}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x}.\dfrac{zx}{y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y}.\dfrac{xy}{z}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge2019\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P_{Min}=2019\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{2019}{3}\)
Vậy ...