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\(a)\)
\(A=2x^2+x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2-\frac{1}{8}\ge-\frac{1}{8}\)
\(MinA=\frac{-1}{8}\)khi \(x=\frac{-1}{4}\)
\(b)\)
\(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi: \(x=-1;y=2\)
\(c)\)
\(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\)
Dấu '' = '' xáy ra khi: \(x=\frac{-1}{2};y=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 1:tìm x ,biết:
a) (2x - 1)(3x + 2) - 6x(x + 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow6x^2+x-2-6x^2-6x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-5x=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-2}{5}\)
b) \(\left(4x-1\right)^2-\left(2x+1\right)\left(8x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2-8x+1-16x^2-2x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-10x=-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{2}{5}\)
c) \(4x^2-1=2\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)-2\left(2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\x=\frac{3}{2}\end{cases}}\)
2a) \(4x^2-9y^2-6y-1=4x^2-\left(3y+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-3y-1\right)\left(2x+3y+1\right)\)
b) \(4x^2-1-2x\left(2x-1\right)=\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)-2x\left(2x-1\right)\)
\(=1.\left(2x-1\right)\)
c) \(x^2-8x-4y^2+16=\left(x-4\right)^2-4y^2\)
\(=\left(x-4-2y\right)\left(x-4+2y\right)\)
d) \(9x^2-12x-y^2+4=\left(3x-2\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(3x-2-y\right)\left(3x-2+y\right)\)
e) \(4x^2+10x-5=4x^2+2.2.\frac{5}{2}x+\frac{25}{4}-\frac{25}{4}-5\)
\(=\left(2x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2-\frac{45}{4}\)
\(=\left(2x+\frac{5+3\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\left(2x+\frac{5-3\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\)
a)
$x^2-2x+5y^2-4y+2020=(x^2-2x+1)+5(y^2-\frac{4}{5}y+\frac{2^2}{5^2})+\frac{10091}{5}$
$=(x-1)^2+5(y-\frac{2}{5})^2+\frac{10091}{5}$
$\geq \frac{10091}{5}$
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức là $\frac{10091}{5}$. Giá trị này đạt được tại $(x-1)^2=(y-\frac{2}{5})^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=\frac{2}{5}$
b)
\(B=(x-5)^2-(3x-7)^2=(x-5-3x+7)(x-5+3x-7)\)
\(=(2-2x)(4x-12)=8(1-x)(x-3)=8(x-3-x^2+3x)\)
\(=8(4x-3-x^2)=8[1-(x^2-4x+4)]=8[1-(x-2)^2]\)
Vì $(x-2)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $1-(x-2)^2\leq 1$
$\Rightarrow B=8[1-(x-2)^2]\leq 8$. Vậy GTLN của biểu thức là $8$ khi $x=2$
c)
$C=5-x^2+2x-9y^2-6y=5-(x^2-2x)-(9y^2+6y)$
$=7-(x^2-2x+1)-(9y^2+6y+1)=7-(x-1)^2-(3y+1)^2$
Vì $(x-1)^2\geq 0; (3y+1)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y$ nên $C=7-(x-1)^2-(3y+1)^2\leq 7$
Vậy GTLN của $C$ là $7$. Giá trị này đạt được tại $(x-1)^2=(3y+1)^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=\frac{-1}{3}$
d)
$D=-5x^2-9y^2-7x+18y-2015=-(5x^2+7x)-(9y^2-18y)-2015$
$=-5(x^2+\frac{7}{5}x+\frac{7^2}{10^2})-9(y^2-2y+1)-\frac{40071}{20}$
$=-5(x+\frac{7}{10})^2-9(y-1)^2-\frac{40071}{20}$
$\leq -\frac{40071}{20}$
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức là $\frac{-40071}{20}$ khi $x=-\frac{-7}{10}; y=1$
\(A=x^2+12x+36=x^2+12x+36+3=\left(x+6\right)^2+3\ge3\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-6
\(B=9x^2-12x+4-4=\left(3x-2\right)^2-4\ge-4\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2/3
\(C=-x^2+4x+1\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x-1\right)=-\left(x^2-4x+4-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+5\le5\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2
a) đặt \(A=x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}+1\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MIN_A=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b) đặt \(B=2+x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2+x+2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-x-2\right)\)
\(=-\left[x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}-2\right]\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{4}\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MAX_B=\dfrac{9}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) đặt \(C=x^2-4x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot2+2^2-4+1\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\)
Vậy \(MIN_c=-3\) khi \(x=2\)
d) đặt \(D=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^2+2\cdot2x\cdot1+1^2-1+11\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MIN_D=10\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
mấy câu còn lại tương tự
2a) \(4x^2-1=\left(2x\right)^2-1^2=\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
b) \(x^2+16x+64=\left(x+8\right)^2\)
c) \(x^3-8y^3=x^3-\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+4y^2\right)\)
d) \(9x^2-12xy+4y^2=\left(3x-2y\right)^2\)
\(A=x^2-8x+13=\left(x^2-8x+16\right)-3\ge-3\)Vậy \(Min_A=-3\) khi \(x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4\)
\(B=2x^2+10x+5=2\left(x^2+5x+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)-\dfrac{5}{4}=2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\ge\dfrac{-5}{4}\)Vậy \(Min_B=-\dfrac{5}{4}\) khi \(x+\dfrac{5}{2}=0\Rightarrow=\dfrac{-5}{2}\)
\(C=4x-x^2=4-\left(4-4x+x^2\right)=4-\left(2-x\right)^2\le4\)Vậy \(Max_C=4\) khi \(2-x=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
Bài 1:
a, \(A=x^2-8x+13\)
\(A=x^2-4x-4x+16-3\)
\(A=\left(x-4\right)^2-3\)
Với mọi giá trị của \(x\in R\) ta có:
\(\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
Hay \(A\ge-3\) với mọi giá trị của \(x\in R\).
Để \(A=-3\) thì \(\left(x-4\right)^2-3=-3\Rightarrow x=4\)
Vậy......
Câu b tương tự
c, \(4x-x^2\)
\(C=-\left(x^2-4x\right)=-\left(x^2-2x-2x+4-4\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2-4\right]\)
Với mọi giá trị của \(x\in R\) ta có:
\(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2-4\ge-4\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2-4\right]\le4\)
Hay \(A\le4\) với mọi giá trị của \(x\in R\).
Để \(A=4\) thì \(-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2-4\right]=4\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy......
Chúc bạn học tốt!!!
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(B_{min}=1\) khi (x,y)=(-1;2)
c) Ta có: \(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(C_{min}=-7\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=2x^2+x=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x\right)=2\left(x^2+2.\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{16}\right]\ge-\dfrac{1}{8}\) dấu"=' xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\)
\(\ge1\) dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=-1;y=2
\(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{2},y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(D=\left(2+x\right)\left(x+4\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
=\(x^2+6x+8-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-1-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2\left(2-x\right)-1\ge-1\)
dấu"=" xảy ra\(< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)