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Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot4=0,8mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(x\) \(\rightarrow\) \(3x\) \(x\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(y\) \(\rightarrow\) \(2y\) \(y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=11,9\\3x+2y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11,9}\cdot100\%=45,38\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-45,38\%=54,62\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,2+0,1=0,4mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22.4=8,96l\)
\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
x 2x x x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y 3y y 1,5y
Ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)
\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)
a)
$Zn + S \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnS$
$n_{Zn} =\dfrac{9,75}{65} = 0,15 > n_S = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12$ nên Zn dư
$n_{ZnS} = n_S = 0,12(mol)$
$m_{ZnS} = 0,12.97 = 11,64(gam)$
$n_{Zn\ dư} = 0,15 - 0,12 = 0,03(mol)$
$m_{Zn\ dư} = 0,03.65 = 1,95(gam)$
b)
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$ZnS + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2S$
$n_{khí} = n_{H_2} + n_{H_2S} = n_{Zn\ dư} + n_{ZnS} = 0,15(mol)$
$V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)$
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{9.75}{65}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_S=\dfrac{3.84}{32}=0.12\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+S\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}ZnS\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.15}{1}>\dfrac{0.12}{1}\Rightarrow Zndư\)
\(a.\)
\(m_X=m_{ZnS}+m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0.12\cdot97+\left(0.15-0.12\right)\cdot65=13.59\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.03..................................0.03\)
\(ZnS+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2S\)
\(0.12.................................0.12\)
\(V_{khí}=0.03\cdot22.4+0.12\cdot22.4=3.36\left(l\right)\)
2Al+ 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a: 3a: a: \(\dfrac{3}{2}a\) (mol)
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
b: 2b: b: b (mol)
Gọi a, b lần lượt là số mol của Al và Fe
Ta có 27a+56b=5,5(1)
nH2=\(\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒\(\dfrac{3}{2}a\)+b=0.2 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=5,5\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) %mAl = \(\dfrac{0,1\cdot27}{5,5}\cdot100=49,1\%\)
%mFe=100%-49,1%=50,9%
b) nHCl=3a+2b=3.0,1+2.0,05=0,4(mol)
VHCl=\(\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
c) mHCl = 0,4 . 36,5 = 14,6(g)
Theo ĐLBTKL ta được
mX+mHCl= mmuối + mH2
⇔ 5,5 +14,6=mmuối + 0,2.2
⇒mmuối = 19,7(g)
Chúc bạn học tốt nha!
1)nH2= 0,224/22,4=0,01(mol)
Mg +2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,01<----------------- 0,01
mMg= 0,01x 24= 0,24(g)
mCu= 0,56- 0,24= 0,32(g)
%Mg = 0,24/0.56x 100% = 42,86%
%Cu = 0,32/0,56 x 100% = 57,14%
2) nHCl = 0,6 x 1 = 0,6 (mol)
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2<- 0,4<- 0,2 <- 0,2
nHCl = 0,6- 0,4 = 0,2 (mol)
ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2O
0,1 <- 0,2
=> mZn = 0,2 x 65 = 13(g)
mZnO = 0,1 x 81 = 8,1 (g)
Câu 1:
Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe^o\rightarrow Fe^{+2}+2e\)
x_____________2x_(mol)
\(Al^o\rightarrow Al^{+3}+3e\)
y____________3y_(mol)
\(2H^-\rightarrow H_2^o+2e\)
0,8_____0,4____0,8_(mol)
\(BTe:2x+3y=0,8\)
Theo đề ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\2x+3y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=51\left(\%\right)\\\%m_{Al}=100-51=49\left(\%\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(BTNT:\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{hh}=0,1.127+133,5.0,2=39,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\frac{36,5.0,8.100}{7,3}=400\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
(mol)____0,1____0,3______0,1______0,15__
\(\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\frac{7,8-27.0,1}{7,8}.100\%=65,4\left(\%\right)\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
(mol)_____0,1__________________0,1__
\(\%m_{ZnO}=\frac{10,55-0,1.65}{10,55}.100\%=38,4\left(\%\right)\)