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Vì a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh tam giác nên
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b-c>0\\b+c-a>0\\c+a-b>0\end{cases}}\)
Ta có : \(\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)=\left(\frac{a+b+c}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{a+b+c}{2}-b\right)\left(\frac{a+b+c}{2}-c\right)\)
\(=\frac{b+c-a}{2}.\frac{a+c-b}{2}.\frac{a+b-c}{2}=\frac{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)}{8}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)}.\sqrt{\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)}.\sqrt{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c+a-b\right)}}{8}\)
\(\le\frac{\frac{a+b-c+b+c-a}{2}.\frac{b+c-a+c+a-b}{2}.\frac{a+b-c+c+a-b}{2}}{8}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{2b}{2}.\frac{2c}{2}.\frac{2a}{2}}{8}=\frac{abc}{8}\)
Dấu "=" <=> tam giác đó đều
1) Ta sẽ chứng minh bằng biến đổi tương đương như sau :
Ta có : \(\left(x^{10}+y^{10}\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x^8+y^8\right)\left(x^4+y^4\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^{12}+x^{10}y^2+y^{10}x^2+y^{12}\ge x^{12}+x^8y^4+y^8x^4+y^{12}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^{10}y^2+y^{10}x^2\ge x^8y^4+y^8x^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(x^8+y^8-x^6y^2-x^2y^6\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left[\left(x^8-x^6y^2\right)+\left(y^8-x^2y^6\right)\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(x^6-y^6\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)(2)
Ta thấy : \(x^2-xy+y^2=\frac{\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+x^2+y^2}{2}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2+x^2+y^2}{2}\ge0\)
\(x^2+xy+y^2=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+x^2+y^2}{2}\ge0\) ; \(x^2y^2\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\)
Do đó (2) luôn đúng.
Vậy (1) được chứng minh.
4. Ta có: \(a+b+c=6abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=6\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=6\)
Lại có: \(\frac{bc}{a^3\left(c+2b\right)}=\frac{1}{a^3\frac{c+2b}{bc}}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^3}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}}=\frac{x^3}{y+2z}\)
Tương tự suy ra:
\(S=\frac{x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{y^3}{z+2x}+\frac{z^3}{x+2y}\)
\(=\frac{x^4}{xy+2zx}+\frac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\frac{z^4}{zx+2yz}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3}\ge\frac{xy+yz+zx}{3}=2\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
7. \(S=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+\left(5x^2+24x+2016\right)\)
\(=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+4\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+1936\)
\(=\left[3y-2\left(x+4\right)\right]^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+1936\ge1936\)
Vậy \(S_{min}=1936\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y-2\left(x+4\right)=0\\x-4=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=\frac{16}{3}\end{cases}}\)
8. \(x^2-5x+14-4\sqrt{x+1}=0\) (ĐK: x > = -1).
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+1\right)-4\sqrt{x+1}+4+\left(x^2-6x+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
Với mọi x thực ta luôn có: \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2\ge0\) và \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
Suy ra \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2=0\\\left(x-3\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = 3 (Nhận)
7. \(S=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+\left(5x^2+24x+2016\right)\)
\(=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+4\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+1936\)
\(=\left[3y-2\left(x+4\right)\right]^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+1936\ge1936\)
Vậy \(S_{min}=1936\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y-2\left(x+4\right)=0\\x-4=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=\frac{16}{3}\end{cases}}\)
a = 60cm
p = 160/2 = 80cm
p = \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) (1) => \(\dfrac{2p-a}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{b+c}{2}\)
Vì a, p là 1 hằng số nên để S đạt GTLN <=> (p-b) và (p-c) đạt GTLN
Áp dụng bđt Cosin, ta có:
\(\sqrt{\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)}\) <= \(\dfrac{p-b+p-c}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{2p-b-c}{2}\)
=> \(\dfrac{S}{\sqrt{p\left(p-a\right)}}\) <= \(p-\dfrac{b+c}{2}\) = \(p-\dfrac{2p-a}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{a}{2}\)
=> 2S <= \(a\sqrt{p\left(p-a\right)}\) = \(60\sqrt{80.\left(80-60\right)}\) = 2400
=> S <= 1200 (\(cm^2\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra
<=> \(p-b\) = \(p-c\)
<=> b = c
Thay b = c vào (1), ta được:
p = \(\dfrac{a+2b}{2}\) => 80 = \(\dfrac{60+2b}{2}\) => b = c = 50 (cm)
=> đpcm
Bài 3: \(A=\frac{\left(2a+b+c\right)\left(a+2b+c\right)\left(a+b+2c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Đặt a+b=x;b+c=y;c+a=z
\(A=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{xy}.2\sqrt{yz}.2\sqrt{zx}}{xyz}=\frac{8xyz}{xyz}=8\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 4: \(A=\frac{9x}{2-x}+\frac{2}{x}=\frac{9x-18}{2-x}+\frac{18}{2-x}+\frac{2}{x}\ge-9+\frac{\left(\sqrt{18}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{2-x+x}=-9+\frac{32}{2}=7\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi\(\frac{\sqrt{18}}{2-x}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
1/ Với mấy bài dạng này, u cứ tách theo kiểu coi x (hoặc y) là biến, cái còn lại là tham số.
\(A=2x^2+9y^2-6xy-6x-12y+2037\)
\(2A=4x^2-12x\left(y+1\right)+18y^2-24y+4074\)
\(2A=\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.3\left(y+1\right)+9\left(y+1\right)^2+9y^2-42y+4065\)
\(2A=\left[2x-3\left(y+1\right)\right]^2+\left(3y-7\right)^2+4016\ge4016\) nên \(A\ge2008\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-3\left(y+1\right)=0\\3y-7=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=5\\y=\frac{7}{3}\end{cases}}\)