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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_S=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Do khi hòa tan A vào HCl thu được hỗn hợp khí
=> Trong A chứa H2, H2S
=> Al dư, S hết
PTHH: 2Al + 3S --to--> Al2S3
0,2<--0,3------>0,1
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,1----------------------->0,15
Al2S3 + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2S
0,1------------------------>0,3
=> \(\overline{M}_X=\dfrac{0,15.2+0,3.34}{0,15+0,3}=\dfrac{70}{3}\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> \(d_{X/H_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{70}{3}}{2}=\dfrac{35}{3}\)
Gọi x,y là số mol Fe phản ứng, Fe dư
Fe+S\(\rightarrow\)FeS
.x.....x.........x
FeS+2HCl−−−>FeCl2+H2S
.....x....................................x
Fe+2HCl−−−>FeCl2+H2
...y................................y
H2S+Pb(NO3)2−−−>PbS\(\downarrow\)+2HNO3
0,1..............................0,1........
Ta có: \(\dfrac{34x+2y}{x+y}\)=18
=> x=y=0,1
m\(_{Fe}\)bđ=m\(_{Fe}\) pứ + m\(_{Fe}\) dư =0,1.2.56=11,2(g)
m\(_S\)bđ=m\(_S\) pứ + m\(_S\) dư =0,1.32+0,8=4(g)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_S=\dfrac{4,8}{32}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + S --to--> FeS (1)
LTL: \(0,2>0,15\rightarrow\) Fe dư
Theo pthh (1):
\(n_{Fe\left(pư\right)}=n_{FeS}=n_S=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,2-0,15\right).56=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{FeS}=0,15.88=13,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
FeS + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2S
0,15 0,15
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
0,05 0,05
\(\rightarrow M_Z=\dfrac{0,15.34+0,05.2}{0,15+0,05}=26\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> dZ/H2 = \(\dfrac{26}{2}=13\)
\(H_2S + Pb(NO_3)_2 \to PbS + 2HNO_3\\ n_{H_2S} = n_{PbS} = \dfrac{23,9}{239} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2} = \dfrac{4,48}{22,4} - 0,1 = 0,1(mol)\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ FeS + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2S\\ Fe + S \xrightarrow{t^o} FeS\\ n_{Fe} = n_{Fe} + n_{FeS} = n_{H_2} + n_{H_2S} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_S = n_{FeS} = n_{H_2S} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m = 0,2.56 + 0,1.32 = 14,4(gam) \)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,33}{22,4}=0,059375\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
a a
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
b b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=3,73\\a+b=0,059375\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,045\left(mol\right)\\b=0,014375\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,045.65=2.925\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,014375.56=0,805\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{2,925}{3,73}=78,42\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100\%-78,42\%=21,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) PTHH: Fe + S --to--> FeS
Zn + S --to--> ZnS
FeS + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2S
ZnS + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2S
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
b)
Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 65a + 56b = 3,72 (1)
Theo PTHH: \(a+b=n_{khí}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,04 (mol); b = 0,02 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,04.65=2,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,02.56=1,12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{2,6}{3,72}.100\%=69,9\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1,12}{3,72}.100\%=30,1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\\n_{Fe}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Zn+S\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)ZnS\)
x x x ( mol )
\(Fe+S\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)FeS\)
y y y ( mol )
\(n_{H_2S}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06mol\)
\(ZnS+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2S\)
x x ( mol )
\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}97x+88y=3,72+32\left(x+y\right)\\x+y=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}97x+88y=5,64\\x+y=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04\\y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,04.65=2,6g\\m_{Fe}=0,02.56=1,12g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{2,6}{3,72}.100=69,89\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100\%-69,89\%=30,11\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3S\underrightarrow{^{t^o}}Al_2S_3\)
Gọi số mol Al là x; S là y.
Ta có phương trình : \(27x+32y=10,2\left(g\right)\)
Vì cho Y tác dụng với HCl thu được hỗn hợp khí nên Al dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al_2S_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_S=\dfrac{y}{3}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=x-\dfrac{2y}{3}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Al_2S_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2S\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2S}=3n_{Al2S3}=y\left(mol\right);n_{H2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=1,5x-y\left(mol\right)\)
\(M_Z=18\)
Áp dụng quy tắc đường chéo :
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{H2S}}{n_{H2}}=\dfrac{16}{16}\Rightarrow1,5x-y=y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{10,2}=52,94\%\\\%m_S=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\end{matrix}\right.\)