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1.i will get a work permit. i will stay for another month.
=>if I don’t get a work permit, I won’t stay for another month.
2.he doesn't take any exercies. he is so unheathy.
=>if he took any exaecises, he would be healthy.
3. we can't get the ticket because i don't have the right change.
=>if I had the right chance, we could get the ticket.
4.study hard or you won't pass the exam.
=>if you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
5.don't be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=>if you are impatient, you will make mistakes.
6.i didn't eat lunch, i feel hungry now
=>if i I had eaten lunch I wouldn't have felt hungry now
7.i only come if they invite me
=>unless they invite me, I won't come
8.he didn't revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
=>if he wouldn't have failed the exam.
9.the park is over there,only 5 minutes' walk.
=>if you walk to the park, it will take you 5 minutes.
10.leave me alone or i'll call the police.
=>unless you leave me alone i won't call the police.
MAKE THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1 I didn't go to the party last night.That't why I didn't meet her.
if i had gone to the party last night, I would've met her.
2 You can't make a cake without flour
->Unless you have flour, You can't make a cake
3 We haven't got any money left so we can't have dinner.
if we had money, we could have dinner.
4 I feel rather tired because I worked too hard last night.
if i hadn't I worked too hard last night, i wouldn't feel tired
5 If nobody rings the police,he will get good marks.
->unless somebody rings the police,he will not get good marks.
6 He doesn't study hard,so he can't get good marks.
if he studies hard, he can get good marks.
7 I am not the President,so I can't carry out the best policy.
if i were the President, I could carry out the best policy.
8 I don't have free time,so I can't go camping with my friends.
if i had free time, I could go camping with my friends.
9 I couldn't go to the cinema with you last night because I was busy.
if i hadn;t been busy, i could have gone to the cinema with you last night
10 He didn't learn the lesson carefully.so he failed at the exam.
if he had learned the lesson carefully, he wouldn't have failed at the exam.
11 He doesn't have free time,so he can't go fishing with us.
if he had free time,he could go fishing with us.
12 I don't have enough oney,so I can't go to Thai Lan with my friends.
if i had enough money, I could go to Thai Lan with my friends.
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answers.
1. He got wet he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working heavy raining.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Jill and Jolly were happy it was their both birthday party that day.
A. because B. even though C. spite of D. Despite
5. Nobody could hear her she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. We all feel sad the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
8. John lost his job his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
9. We can't go to Julia's party we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. Nam was absent from class yesterday he felt sick.
A. so B. because C. although D. but
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answers.
1. The boy can’t reach the shelf he’s not tall enough.
A. because B. although C. even though D. and
2. She couldn’t unlock it she had the wrong key.
A. while B. but C. though D. because
3. Nam failed the final exam he was lazy.
A. while B. though C. because D. but
4. We watched TV the whole evening we had nothing better to do.
A. because B. though C. so D. but
5. We didn’t go for a walk it was very cold.
A. though B. because C. but D. so
6. They decided not to go out for a meal they were too tired.
A. so B. because C. but D. if
7. I’m learning English I want to get a better job.
A. or B. because C. therefore D. but
8. Last night we came to the show late the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
9. Lan couldn’t pass the exam she is too lazy.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because B. because of C. despite D. so
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. We delayed our trip BECAUSE OF the bad weather.
2. Sue’s eyes were red BECAUSE she had been crying.
3. My mother is always complaining BECAUSE OF the untidiness of my room.
4. The water in most river is unsafe to drink BECAUSE it’s polluted.
5. The trees were bend over BECAUSE OF the wind.
6. You can’t enter this secure areas BECAUSE you don’t have an official permit.
7. It’s unsafe to travel in that country BECAUSE OF the ongoing civil war.
8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted BECAUSE OF the extreme heat.
9. Mark didn’t go to work yesterday BECAUSE he didn’t feel well.
10. We couldn’t get into the disco BECAUSE OF the enormous crowd.
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. I went home early BECAUSE I was feeling unwell.
2. We decided not to go out for a meal BECAUSE we were simply too tired.
3. I couldn’t get to sleep BECAUSE OF the noise.
4. He only accepted the job BECAUSE OF the salary, which was very high.
5. Sarah can’t climb up the tree BECAUSE OF her fear of heights.
6. BECAUSE OF his age, John was not hired ALTHOUGH he had the necessary qualifications.
7. Mary came to class late BECAUSE her motorbike had a puncture.
8. Sandy didn’t go to school yesterday BECAUSE she was sick.
9. She went to bed early BECAUSE OF her tiredness.
10. I couldn’t do the test BECAUSE it was too difficult.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using because/because of
1. He didn’t come because of his sickness.
BECAUSE HE WAS SICK, He didn’t come
2. The train was late because the fog was thick.
BECAUSE OF THE THICK FOG, The train was late
3. The plane couldn’t take off because of the bad weather.
BECAUSE THE WEATHER WAS BAD, The plane couldn’t take off
4. He left the school because his family was poor.
BECAUSE OF HIS FAMILY'S POVERTY,The plane couldn’t take off
5. We couldn’t study because of the noise.
BECAUSE IT WAS TOO NOISE, We couldn’t study
6. I didn’t go swimming because it was cold.
BECAUSE OF THE COLD, I didn’t go swimming
7. These students arrive late because of the bad traffic.
BECAUSE THE TRAFFIC WAS BAD, These students arrive late
8. Mary can’t sleep because she has drunk a cup of strong coffee.
BECAUSE OF DRINKING A CUP OF STRONG COFFEE, MARY CAN'T SLEEP
9. Because of getting up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
BECAUSE HE GOT UP EARLY, he wasn’t late for the first train.
VII. Write a sentence with if... for each situation. Use a type 2 conditional ( if+ the past tense + would/ could)
1. we don't visit you very often because you live so far away
-> If you didn't live so far away, we would visit you very often
2. Sandra can't take a photo because she hasn't got her camera
-> If Sandra had got her camera, she could take a photo
3. She buys a lot of clothes, so she has no money
-> If she didn't buy a lot of clothes, she wouldn't have no money
4. I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can't meet you
-> If I didn't have to work tomorrow evening, I could meet you
5. It's raining, so we can't have lunch in the garden
-> If it weren't raining, we could have lunch in the garden6. I'm often tired in the morning because i go to bed late
-> If I didn't go to bed late, I wouldn't be often tired in the morning
7. we haven't got a calculator, so we can't work this out quicker
-> If we had got a calculator, we could work this out quicker
8. nick can't find the way because he hasn't got a map
-> If Nick got a map, he could find the way
9. David has so many accidents because he's so clumsy
-> If David weren't so clumsy, he wouldn't have so many accidents
10. I don't write to my friends because i'm so busy
-> If I weren't so busy, I would write to my friends
11. Susan hasn't got a watch, so she's often late for work
-> If Susan got a watch, she wouldn't be often late for work
12. He coughs a lot of because he smokes forty cigarettes a day
-> If he didn't smoke forty cigarettes a day, he wouldn't cough a lot
13. They don't have a garden. They don't grow vegetable
-> If they had a garden, they would grow vegetable
14. I don't have a boat. I won't sail around the world
-> If I had a boat, I would sail around the world
1. Because I am sick, I do not go out
-> Because of my sickness, I do not go out.
2. Because the water is polluted, we can't swim in that river
-> Because of the polluted water, we can't swim in that river.
3. Because Nga has had a sore leg, she has difficulty in walking.
-> Because of a sore leg, she has difficulty in walking.
4. Because he behaved badly, he found himself in trouble.
-> Because of his bad behaviour, he found himself in trouble.
5. Because it was snowing, we didn't go out for a walk.
-> Because of snowing, we didn't go out for a walk.
6. Because of his good looks, he is popular with many girls.
-> Because he is good looking, he is popular with many girls.
7. Because of his serious sickness, he couldn't come to the class.
-> Because he has a serious sick, he couldn't come to the class.
8. Because of too much exhaust fume, people have to wear gauze masks in the street.
-> Because there is so much exhaust fume, people have to wear gauze masks in the street.
9. Because of their good performance, they won the first prize.
-> Because they performed well, they won the first prize.
Part 1: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning.
1/ He asked me : '' Where will you go tomorrow ?''
=> He asked me .........where I would go the next day............
2/ I can't swim.
=> I wish........I could swim ........
3/ It's a pity that I don't have a chance to meet my favorite band.
=> I wish.........I had a chance to meet my favorite band........
4/ He asked me: '' Are you going home now? ''
=> He asked .......me if I was going home then.........
5/ My father said : '' Where do you want to go next summer? ''
=> My father asked......me where I wanted to go the next summer..........
6/ We are working hard. We want to pass the final examination. ( because )
=>........We are working hard because we want to pass the final exmaination...........
7/ He is so intelligent that everyone admires him . ( such )
=>......He is such a intelligent boy that everyone admires him.........
8/ Study hard or uoy will fail the exam.
=>If .........you don't study hard , you fail the exam..........
1) i can't makee all of my own meals because i am not good on cooking
- if I was good at cooking, I could make all of my own meals
2) i 'm not you , so i can't tell him the truth
-if I were you, I could tell him the truth
3) she came , so he wasn't disappointed
-if she hadn't come, he wouldn't have been disappointed
4)he is not a good student . he didin't study forr the test yesterday
-if he had not been a good student, he would have studied for the test yesterday
5) i didn't eat breakfast several hourd ago , so i am hungry now
-if I hadn't eaten breakfast several hours ago , I would have been hungry now
6) Mai is sick because she didn't follow the doctor's orders
-if Mai hadn't been sick, she would have followed the doctor's orders
7) he is tired this morning because he didn't go to bed early last night
-if he had gone to bed early last night , he wouldn't have been tired
8) they don't behave themselves so their parents are happy about that
-if he had behaved themselves, their parents wouldn't have been happy about that
9) she didn't say sory so he was angry
-if she had said sorry, he wouldn't have been angry
10) im not a rich businessman and i can't aford to buy an expensive car
-if I had been a rich businessman, I would have bought an expensive car
I. Rewrite the following sentences
1. My father often walks in the park with my mother every morning
=> My father often has a walk in the park with my mother every morning.
2. They seldom went to the cinema last year
=> Seldom went they to the cinema last year.
3. We didn't intend to go for a walk with them
=> We had not intention to go for a walk with them.
4. He doesn't smoke anymore, but he smoked a lot 2 year ago
=> He used to smoke a lot 2 years ago but he doesn't anymore.
5. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges
=> Apples are not usually as expensive as oranges.
6. My salary is high but his is very high
=> His salary is higher than my salary.
7. I can't cook as well as my mother does
=> My mother cooks better than I do.
8. Unless it stops raining, we won't go out
=> If it doesn't stop raining, we won't go out.
9. She didn't cook as well as you did
=> You cooked better than she does.
10. Unless someone has a key, we can't get into the house
=> We can only get into the house if someone has the key
11. Because of being careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers
=> Because she was careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers.
12. She said ''I'll spend my holiday in Italy next year''
=> She said that she would spend her holiday in Italy the next year.
13. She didn't buy it because the price was too high
=> Because of the high price, she didn't buy it.
14. We didn't go on holiday because we didn't have enough mone
=> If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday.
15. The question was so difficult that we can't answer it
=> The question was too difficult for us to answer.
II. Write the following sentences as directed
1. She has just completed the picture. The composition of the picture was suggested by me
=> The picture whose composition was suggested by me has just been completed.
2. Such a situation should never again be allowed to arise
=> Never again should never such a situation again be allowed to arise.
3. If you want to make your life worth living, make yourself useful
=> Making youself useful in order to make your life worth living.
4. They said he had left Paris secretly in his private car
=> It was said that he had left Paris secretly in his private car.
5. Tom didn't do his test well because he didn't study his lessons carefully
=> If Tom had studied his lessons carefully, he would have done his test well.
6. They had such a good crop that they decided to give a party
=> The crop was so good that they decided to give a party.
7. He made a great discovery. He took pride in it
=> He took pride in having made a great discovery.
8. You may be intelligent, but you should be careful about this
=> No matter how intelligent you are, you should be careful about this.
9. He asked me if I was ready to carry out other assignments
=> He said to me ''Are you ready to carry out other assignments ?''
10. ''Which of you has put the ink on my chair?'' The teacher said
=> The teacher asked me which of me had put the ink on her chair.
1. If he didn't have to study for his exam, he could go out
2. If she were not lazy, she could pass the exam
3. If he didn't smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough
4. If he took exercises, he wouldn't be so unhealthy
5. If I had the right change, we could get the ticket
6.If you study hard, you will pass the exam
7. If I had eaten lunch, I wouldn’t feel hungry now.
Make conditional sentences
1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam
=>he didn't have to study for his exam,he could go out
2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam
=>If She weren't lazy , she could pass the exam
3. He smokes too much, that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough
=>if He didn't smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough
4. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=>If He took any exercises,he would be healthy
5. We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change
=>If I had the right change,we could get the ticket
6. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam
=>if you don't Study hard, you won’t pass the exam
7. I didn't eat lunch, I feel hungry now
=>IF I hadn't eaten lunch, I wouldn't feel hungry now
8. The car breaks down so often because you don't take good care of it
=>If you took good care of it ,The car wouldn't break down so often