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Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2}{xyz}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(yz\right)^2+\left(xz\right)^2+\left(xy\right)^2+2xyz}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=1\)
<=> (xy)2 + (yz)2 + (zx)2 + 2xyz = (xyz)2
<=> (xy)2 + (yz)2 + (xz)2 + 2xyz(x + y + z) = (xyz)2
<=> (xy + yz + zx)2 = (xyz)2
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy+yz+zx=xyz\\xy+yz+zx=-xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Khi xy + yz + zx = -xyz
=> \(\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=-1< 0\left(\text{loại}\right)\)
=> xy + yz + zx = xyz
<=> \(xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=xyz\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=1\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)z}\)
<=> \(\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{xz+yz+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(zx+yz+z^2\right)xy}=0\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi x = -y => y = 1 => P = 1
Tương tự y = -z ; z = -x được P = 1
Vậy P = 1
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}=1\\xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=1296\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{x+1}=a;\dfrac{1}{y+1}=b;\dfrac{1}{z+1}=c\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+1}=a\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1=\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{a}-1=\dfrac{1-a}{a}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(y=\dfrac{a+c}{b};z=\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)
Đặt \(M=xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{abc}\times\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{a+c}{b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\right)\times\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}\times\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{8abc}{a^2b^2c^2}\times\left(2+2+2\right)\) (bđt AM - GM)
\(\ge\dfrac{8}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{27}}\times6=1296\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow x=y=z=2\)
\(\left(x^3+1\right)\left(y^3+1\right)\left(z^3+1\right)=\dfrac{81}{64}x^3y^3z^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{81}{64}x^2y^2z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3xyz\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{81}{64}x^3y^3z^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}xyz=0\\\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{27}{64}x^2y^2z^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)=\dfrac{27}{64}x^2y^2z^2\)
Ta có:
\(x^2-x+1=\dfrac{3}{4}x^2+\left(\dfrac{x}{2}-1\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}x^2\)
Tương tự: \(y^2-y+1\ge\dfrac{3}{4}y^2\) ; \(z^2-z+1\ge\dfrac{3}{4}z^2\)
Do các vế của các BĐT trên đều không âm, nhân vế với vế ta được:
\(\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\left(z^2-z+1\right)\ge\dfrac{27}{64}x^2y^2z^2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Thế vào điều kiện \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=3xyz\) ko thỏa mãn (loại)
Vậy \(xyz=0\)
b) Áp dụng bđt Svac-xơ:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{9}{y}+\dfrac{16}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+3+4\right)^2}{x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{64}{4}=16>9\)
=> hpt vô nghiệm
c) Ở đây x,y,z là các số thực dương
Áp dụng cosi: \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)=3xyz\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{3}=1\)