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Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.27,375\%=54,75\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
a ----> 2a --------> a -----> a
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
b ---> 2b -------> b ------> b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=43,7\\a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd}=43,7+200-0,7.2=242,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.136}{242,3}=28,06\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{242,3}=10,48\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1,5-0,5.2-0,2.2\right).36,5}{242,3}=1,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_{\text{ 4 }}+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
gọi số mol Zn là x , số mol Fe là y
=> 65x+56y=43,7
=> a+b=0,7
=>a=0,5 , b =0,2
=> \(m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\\ m_{Fe}=43,7-32,5=11,2\left(G\right)\)
a) Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2
b) Gọi a, b lần lượt là số mol Mg, Al.
nH2 = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a 2a a a
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2
b 3b b 3/2b
Ta có hệ pt:
mhh = 24a + 27b = 5,1 (g)
nH2 = a + 3/2b = 0,25 (mol)
=> a = 0,1 (mol)
b = 0,1 (mol)
200 ml = 0,2 l
nHCl = 2a + 3b = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 (mol)
=> CM ddHCl = 0,5/0,2 = 2,5 (M)
%mMg = 24a/5,1*100% = 2,4/5,1*100% = 47,06%
%mAl = 100%-47,06% = 52,94%
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,55.1=0,55\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.0,55=0,275\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(n_{H\left(trc.pư\right)}=0,55+0,275.2=1,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,736}{22,4}=0,39\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H\left(sau.pư\right)}=0,78\left(mol\right)\)
Do \(n_{H\left(trc.pư\right)}>n_{H\left(sau.pư\right)}\)
=> Axit còn dư
b)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b (mol)
=> 27a + 24b = 7,74 (1)
Giả sử công thức chung của 2 axit là HX
PTHH: 2Al + 6HX --> 2AlX3 + 3H2
a-------------------->1,5a
Mg + 2HX --> MgX2 + H2
b-------------------->b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,39 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,18 (mol); b = 0,12 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,18.27=4,86\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,12.24=2,88\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,55.1=0,55\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,55.0,5=0,275\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow n_{H\left(trc.pư\right)}=0,55+0,275.2=1,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,736}{22,4}=0,39\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H\left(sau.pư\right)}=0,39.2=0,78\left(mol\right)\)
So sánh: \(0,78< 1,1\rightarrow\) Axit dư
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
2Al + 6HCl ---> AlCl3 + 3H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
\(\rightarrow n_{H_2\left(Al\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}a=1,5a\left(mol\right)\)
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
\(\rightarrow n_{H_2\left(Mg\right)}=n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,74\\1,5a+b=0,39\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,18\left(mol\right)\\b=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,18.27=4,86\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,12.24=2,88\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
2. Ta có : \(n_{Na}>n_{Al}\) nên Al sẽ tan hết
Số mol H2 thu được: \(\dfrac{5 + 4.3}{2}=8,5 \)(mol)
Như vậy, khi cho Fe vào H2SO4 sẽ thu được 2,125 mol khí
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=2,125 \) (mol)
=>\(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{5.23}{5.23+4.27+56.2,125}.100=33,63\%\)
=> Chọn B
\(\begin{cases} nMg=a (mol)\\ nAl=b (mol) \end{cases} \)=> 24a +27b=12,6 (1)
n(H2)= 0,6mol
Mg+H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 +H2
a. a a. (Mol)
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b. 1,5b 0,5b 1,5b. (Mol)
=> a+1,5b=0,6 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\begin{cases} a=0,3\\ b=0,2 \end{cases}\)
n(H2SO4) =n(H2) =0,6mol
m(H2SO4)= 0,6*98=58,8(g)
m(dd H2SO4)=58,8*100/20 =294(g)
mdd= 12,6+294-0,6*2=305,4(g)
C%(Al2(SO4)3)= \(\dfrac{0,5*0,2*342*100%}{305,4}\)=11,198%
Câu 1 Chọn B
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 65x + 27y = 17,05 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{9,52}{22,4}=0,425\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,425\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,15.27=4,05\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,5}=0,3\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Ta có: m dd HCl = 1,05.500 = 525 (g)
m dd sau pư = mhh + m dd HCl - mH2 = 541,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{541,2}.100\%\approx5,03\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,15.133,5}{541,2}.100\%\approx3,7\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
1 ) CAO +H2O => CA(OH)2 (1)
2K + 2H2O => 2KOH + H2(2)
n (H2) =1,12/22,4 =0,05
theo ptpư 2 : n(K) = 2n (h2) =2.0.05=0,1(mol)
=> m (K) =39.0,1=3,9 (g)
% K= 3,9/9,5 .100% =41,05%
%ca =100%-41,05%=58,95%
xo + 2hcl =>xcl2 +h2o
10,4/X+16 15,9/x+71
=> giải ra tìm đc X bằng bao nhiêu thì ra