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80 gam dung dịch A chứa 3,52 gam NaOH
=> 200 gam dung dịch A chứa 3,52.200/80 = 8,8 gam
n NaOH = 8,8/40 = 0,22(mol)
Gọi n Na = a(mol) ; n Na2O = b(mol)
=> 23a + 62b = 6,02(1)
$2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$
$Na_2O + H_2O \to 2NaOH$
n NaOH = a + 2b = 0,22(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a= 0,1 ; b = 0,06
n H2 = 0,5a = 0,05(mol)
=> m H2O = 200 + 0,05.2 - 6,02 =194,08(gam)
%m Na = 0,1.23/6,02 .100% = 38,2%
%m Na2O = 100% -38,2% = 61,8%
PTHH: \(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}+2n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}+2\cdot\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH}=0,3\cdot40=12\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,05\cdot2=0,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Na}+m_{Na_2O}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=110,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{110,7}\cdot100\%\approx10,84\%\)
Ta có \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=100.16\%=16\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}+2n_{Na_2O}\Rightarrow n_{Na_2O}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,2.23}{0,2.23+0,1.62}.100\%\approx42,6\%\\\%m_{Na_2O}\approx57,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Chất rắn D là Cu, chất rắn E là CuO
\(m_{tăng}=m_{O_2}=0,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,16}{32}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,01<-0,005
=> mCu = 0,01.64 = 0,64 (g)
Gọi số mol K, Ba là a, b (mol)
=> 39a + 137b = 3,18 - 0,64 = 2,54 (1)
PTHH: 2K + 2H2O --> 2KOH + H2
a--------------->a
Ba + 2H2O --> Ba(OH)2 + H2
b--------------->b
=> 56a + 171b = 3,39 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,03 (mol); b = 0,01 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,64}{3,18}.100\%=20,126\%\\\%m_K=\dfrac{0,03.,39}{3,18}.100\%=36,792\%\\\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{0,01.137}{3,18}.100\%=43,082\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{O_2}=m+0,16-m=0,16\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,16}{32}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,01 0,005
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_K=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
2K + 2H2O ---> 2KOH + H2
a a
Ba + 2H2O ---> Ba(OH)2 + H2
b b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}39a+137b=3,18-0,01.64=2,54\\56a+171b=3,39\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,03\left(mol\right)\\b=0,01\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,01.64}{3,18}=20,13\%\\\%m_K=\dfrac{0,03.39}{3,18}=36,79\%\\\%m_{Ba}=100\%-20,13\%-36,79\%=43,08\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{BaSO_4}=\dfrac{23.3}{233}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(BaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{BaO}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{BaO}=0.1\cdot153=15.3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2O}=24.6-15.3=9.3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{9.3}{62}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%BaO=62.2\%\)
\(\%Na_2O=37.8\%\)
\(2.\)
\(m_{ddX}=24.6+73.7=98.3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.15}{2}+0.1=0.175\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.175\cdot98\cdot100}{19.6}=87.5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddY}=m_{ddX}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{\downarrow}=98.3+87.5-23.3=162.5\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.075\cdot142}{162.5}\cdot100\%=6.55\%\)
PTHH :
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,04 0,08
\(n_{NaOH}=0,2.0,4=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2O}=0,04.62=2,48\left(g\right)\)
Do CuO ko tác dụng với H2O nên 4gam chất rắn = KL CuO
Ta có :
m = 2,48 + 4 = 6,48 (g)