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a, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)
\(a=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{AgNO_3}=0,4.1,3=0,52\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2AgNO_3+FeCl_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl_{\downarrow}\)
______0,5______0,25______0,25________0,5 (mol)
\(AgNO_3+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+Ag_{\downarrow}\)
0,02______0,02________0,02________0,02 (mol)
⇒ m = mAgCl + mAg = 0,5.143,5 + 0,02.108 = 73,91 (g)
- Dd sau pư gồm: Fe(NO3)3: 0,02 (mol) và Fe(NO3)2: 0,25 - 0,02 = 0,23 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,4}=0,04\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,23}{0,1+0,4}=0,46\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ a.V=\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot22,4=5,6\left(L\right)\\ a=\dfrac{\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot2}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\\ b.n_{AgNO_3}=0,4\cdot1,3=0,52mol\\ FeCl_2+AgNO_3->Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgCl\\ Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgNO_3->Ag+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\\ m=0,25\cdot143,5+0,25\cdot108=62,875\left(g\right)\\ C_{M\left(AgNO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,5}=0,04M\\ C_{M\left(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,5}=0,5M\)
a) Chất rắn không tan là Cu
=> m Cu = 19,2(gam)
n Mg = a(mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)
=> 24a + 56b = 32,8 -19,2 = 13,6(1)
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
n H2 = a + b = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2
%m Cu = 19,2/32,8 .100% = 58,54%
%m Mg = 0,1.24/32,8 .100% = 7,32%
%m Fe = 100% -58,54% -7,32% = 34,14%
b)
m dd A = 32,8 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 232,2(gam)
n MgSO4 = a = 0,1(mol)
n FeSO4 = b = 0,2(mol)
C% MgSO4 = 0,1.120/232,2 .100% = 5,17%
C% FeSO4 = 0,2.152/232,2 .100% = 13,09%
Câu 1:
Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_______a______a(mol)
MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
b_____2b_______b___b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)
=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%
=> %mMgO= 45,455%
b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)
c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
`1)`
`n_{Al}={2,7}/{27}=0,1(mol)`
`2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2`
`0,1->0,15->0,05->0,15(mol)`
`V_{dd\ H_2SO_4}={0,15}/1=0,15(l)=150(ml)`
`->V=150`
`V'=V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)`
`C_{M\ X}=C_{M\ Al_2(SO_4)_3}={0,05}/{0,15}=1/3M`
`2)`
`n_{Fe}={2,8}/{56}=0,05(mol)`
`Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2`
`0,05->0,1->0,05->0,05(mol)`
`V_{dd\ HCl}={0,1}/1=0,1(l)=100(ml)`
`->V=100`
`V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12(l)`
`C_{M\ FeCl_2}={0,05}/{0,1}=0,5M`
E có 1 chút nhầm lẫn ở câu cuối
Mg + 2HCl ‐> MgCl + H ﴾1﴿ 2Al + 6HCl ‐> 2AlCl + 3H ﴾2﴿ Fe + 2HCl ‐> FeCl + H ﴾3﴿
Theo bài ra ta có : H2 = = 0,4 ﴾mol﴿ Thep ptpu ﴾1﴿﴾2﴿﴾3﴿ ta thấy HCl = H2 = 0,4 .2 = 0,8 ﴾mol﴿ => HCl = 0,8 .36,5 = 26,8 ﴾g﴿ Ap dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng : m hỗn hợpMg ,Al,Fe + HCl= m muối MgCl , ALCL , FeCl + H ﴾=﴿ 15+26,8 =m+0,4.2 ﴾=﴿ 41,8 =m +0,8 => m=41,8 -0,8=41﴾g﴿Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2 (1)
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (2)
Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2 (3)
Theo bài ra ta có : nH2 =\(\frac{8,69}{22,4}\) = 0,4 (mol)
Thep ptpu (1)(2)(3) ta thấy
nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,4 .2 = 0,8 (mol)
=> m HCl = 0,8 .36,5 = 26,8 (g)
Ap dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng : m hỗn hợpMg ,Al,Fe +m HCl= m muối MgCl2 , ALCL3, FeCl2 +mH2
(=) 15+26,8 =m+0,4.2
(=) 41,8 =m +0,8
=> m=41,8 =0,8=41(g)
nH2=6,72/22,4=0,3 mol
Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl + H2
a a mol
Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 +H2
b b mol
ta có 24a + 56b =13,6
và a + b=0,3
=>a=0,1 mol , b=0,2 mol
=>mMg=0,2*24=2,4 g
=>%Mg=2,48100/13,6=17,65%
=>%Fe=100-17,65=82,35%
nMgCl2=nMg=0,1mol=>mMgCl2=0,1*95=9,5 g
nFeCl2=nFe=0,2 mol=>mFeCl2 = 0,2*127=25,4 g
nHCl=nMg+nFe=0,1+0,2=0,3mol
=>CMHCl=0,3/0,4=0,75M
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.15.....0.3.......................0.15\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.15\cdot24=3.6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Cu}=10-3.6=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{3.6}{10}\cdot100\%36\%\)
\(\%Cu=64\%\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.3}{2}=0.15\left(l\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 56b = 11,84
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.14\%}{36,5}=0,56\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a--->2a--------->a----->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b-->2b-------->b------>b
=> 2a + 2b = 0,56
=> a = 0,12; b = 0,16
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,12.24}{11,84}.100\%=24,324\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,16.56}{11,84}.100\%=75,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=a+b=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,28.22,4=6,272\left(l\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 11,84 + 146 - 0,28.2 = 157,28 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,12.95}{157,28}.100\%=7,25\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,16.127}{157,28}.100\%=12,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,25 ---> 0,5 ---> 0,25 ---> 0,25
\(V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{18,25\%}=100\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,25.2=0,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=100+6-0,5=105,5\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{23,75}{105,5}=22,51\%\)