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Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{81x-8}=3y-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow81x-8=27y^3-54y^2+36y-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27y^3-54y^2+36y=81x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3y^3-6y^2+4y=9x\)
Phương trình đã cho tương đương:
\(3\sqrt[3]{81x-8}=3x^3-6x^2+4x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(3y-2\right)=3x^3-6x^2+4x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3-6x^2+4x=9y\)
Ta có hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y^3-6y^2+4y=9x\left(1\right)\\3x^3-6x^2+4x=9y\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trừ vế theo vế \(\left(1\right)\) cho \(\left(2\right)\) ta được
\(3\left(y^3-x^3\right)-6\left(y^2-x^2\right)+4\left(y-x\right)=9\left(x-y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(y-x\right)\left(y^2+x^2+xy\right)-6\left(y-x\right)\left(x+y\right)+13\left(y-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3y^2+3x^2+3xy-6x-6y+13\right)\left(y-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3y^2+3x^2+3xy-6x-6y+13=0\left(3\right)\\y-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Phương trình \(3y^2+3y\left(x-2\right)+3x^2-6x+13=0\)
\(\Delta=9\left(x-2\right)^2-12\left(3x^2-6x+13\right)=-27x^2+36x-120< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Phương trình \(\left(3\right)\) vô nghiệm
\(\Rightarrow y=x\)
Khi đó \(\sqrt[3]{81x-8}=3x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27x^3-54x^2-33x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\frac{3\pm2\sqrt{5}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Anh ơi làm sao để chọn ẩn phụ 3y - 2 mà không chọn cái khác ạ?
a, Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{81x-8}=3y-2\Leftrightarrow9x=3y^3-6y^2+4y\left(1\right)\)
Phương trình tương đương: \(3y-2=x^3-2x^2+\dfrac{4}{3}x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9y=3x^3-6x^2+4x\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9x=3y^3-6y^2+4y\\9y=3x^3-6x^2+4x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(3x^2+3y^2+3xy-6x-6y+13\right)=0\)
Vì \(3x^2+3y^2+3xy-6x-6y+13\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[3\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x-2\right)^2+3\left(y-2\right)^2+2\right]>0\) nên \(x=y\)
Khi đó: \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow3x^3-6x^2-5x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{3\pm2\sqrt{6}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thử lại ta được \(x=0;x=\dfrac{3\pm2\sqrt{6}}{3}\) là các nghiệm của phương trình.
a/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow x+8+\sqrt{x+8}-\left(x+8\right)=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+8}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+8=2x+3+2\sqrt{x^2+3x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5-x=2\sqrt{x^2+3x}\) (\(x\le5\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-10x+25=4\left(x^2+3x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(2\le x\le5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-2\right)+\sqrt{2\left(x-2\right)}\left(\sqrt{5-x}-\sqrt{3x-3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x-2\right)}\left(\sqrt{2x-4}+\sqrt{5-x}-\sqrt{3x-3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\\sqrt{2x-4}+\sqrt{5-x}=\sqrt{3x-3}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x+1+2\sqrt{\left(2x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)}=3x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)}=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)=\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\le12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{24+x}\sqrt{12-x}-6\sqrt{12-x}+12-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{12-x}\left(\sqrt[3]{24+x}-6+\sqrt{12-x}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\\sqrt[3]{24+x}+\sqrt{12-x}=6\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1):
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{24+x}=a\\\sqrt{12-x}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=6\\a^3+b^2=36\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=6-a\\a^3+b^2=36\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+\left(6-a\right)^2=36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+a^2-12a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a^2+a-12\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\a=3\\a=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{24+x}=0\\\sqrt[3]{24+x}=3\\\sqrt[3]{24+x}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}24+x=0\\24+x=27\\24+x=-64\end{matrix}\right.\)
a/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)=2\left(x+\frac{1}{4x}\right)-7\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=a>0\Rightarrow a^2=x+\frac{1}{4x}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{4x}=a^2-1\)
Pt trở thành:
\(3a=2\left(a^2-1\right)-7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-3a-9=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-\frac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-6\sqrt{x}+1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=\frac{3+\sqrt{7}}{2}\Rightarrow x=\frac{8+3\sqrt{7}}{2}\)
b/ ĐKXĐ:
\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)=2\left(x+\frac{1}{4x}\right)+4\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=a>0\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{4x}=a^2-1\)
\(\Rightarrow5a=2\left(a^2-1\right)+4\Leftrightarrow2a^2-5a+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\a=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=2\\\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-4\sqrt{x}+1=0\\2x-\sqrt{x}+1=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}-4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}-2\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^2-8x+5\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-8x+5=0\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1-\frac{15}{6}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+1}-\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-\frac{17}{4}x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2+\frac{15}{6}\sqrt{x}}+\frac{x^2-\frac{17}{4}x+1}{\sqrt{x^2-4x+1}+\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-\frac{17}{4}x+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2+\frac{15}{6}\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-4x+1}+\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\frac{17}{4}x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-17x+4=0\)
b) Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-6x+6}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+3-4a=0\)
=> (a - 3).(a - 1) = 0
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-6x+6}=3\\\sqrt{x^2-6x+6}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bình phương lên giải tiếp nhé!
c) Tương tư câu b nhé
TXĐ: D=R
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+6-2\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}=3\left(x+4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^2-3x-6}{2}-4=\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^2-3x-14}{2}=\frac{2x^2-3x-14}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}+4}\)
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-3x-14=0\\\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}+4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=\frac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\\text{ pt vô nghiệm}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ....
a) ĐKXĐ: x\(\ge\)-3
PT\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+7\right)\left(x+3\right)}=3\sqrt{x+3}+2\sqrt{x+7}-6\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{x+3},\sqrt{x+7}\right)=\left(a,b\right)\) \(\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)
PT\(\Leftrightarrow ab=3a+2b-6\Leftrightarrow a\left(b-3\right)-2\left(b-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(b-3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=3\end{cases}}\)(TM ĐK)
TH 1: a=2\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}=2\Leftrightarrow x+3=4\Leftrightarrow x=1\)(tm)
TH 2: b=3\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+7}=3\Leftrightarrow x+7=9\Leftrightarrow x=2\)(tm)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình S={1; 2}
\(\sqrt{x-5}+\sqrt{x-3}-2\sqrt{x^2+2x-8}+4=0\left(1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-5}+\sqrt{x-3}+4=2\sqrt{x^2+2x-8}\)
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-5\ge0\\x-3\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge5\\x\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-5}+\sqrt{x-3}+4=2\sqrt{x^2+2x-8}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-5}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x-3}\right)^2+4^2=\left(2\sqrt{x^2+2x-8}\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x-5+x-3+16=4.\left(x^2+2x-8\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x-5+x-3+16=4x^2+8x-32\\ \Leftrightarrow x-5+x-3+16-4x^2-8x+32=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-4x^2-6x+40=0\)
Ta có: \(\Delta=b^2-4ac=\left(-6\right)^2-4.\left(-4\right).40=676\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{-\left(-6\right)+\sqrt{676}}{2.\left(-4\right)}=-4\left(nhận\right)\\x_2=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{-\left(-6\right)-\sqrt{676}}{2.\left(-4\right)}=\dfrac{5}{2}=2,5\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình (1) không có nghiệm thỏa mãn.
Mình nhầm chỗ \(x_1=-4\) là loại mà mình nhấn nhầm là nhận!
Lời giải:
PT $\Leftrightarrow 27\sqrt[3]{81x-8}=27x^3-54x^2+36x-54$
$\Leftrightarrow 27\sqrt[3]{81x-8}=(3x-2)^3-46$
Đặt $\sqrt[3]{81x-8}=a; 3x-2=b$. Khi đó:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^3-27b=46\\ 27a=b^3-46\end{matrix}\right.\) $\Rightarrow 27a=b^3-(a^3-27b)$
$\Leftrightarrow a^3-b^3+27a-27b=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2+27)=0$
Dễ thấy $a^2+ab+b^2+27>0$ với mọi $a,b\in\mathbb{R}$
Do đó $a-b=0\Rightarrow a=b$
$\Leftrightarrow 81x-8=(3x-2)^3$
$\Leftrightarrow 27x^3-54x^2-45x=0$
$\Rightarrow x=0; x=\frac{3\pm 2\sqrt{6}}{3}$
Vậy.......
\(\sqrt[3]{{81x - 8}} = {x^3} - 2{x^2} + \dfrac{4}{3}x - 2\left( 1 \right)\)
\(\left( 1 \right) \Leftrightarrow 27{x^3} - 54{x^2} + 36x - 54 = 27\sqrt[3]{{81x - 8}} \)
Đặt \(y=\sqrt[3]{81x-8}\Leftrightarrow y^3=81x-8\)
Vậy ta có hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x^3-54x^2+36x-54=27y\\81x-8=y^3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left(3x-2\right)^3+27\left(3x-2\right)=y^3+y\left(2\right)\)
Xét hàm số \(f(t)=t^3+t(t \in \mathbb{R})\)
Đạo hàm \(f'\left(t\right)=3t^2+1>0;\forall t\in\) \(\mathbb{R}\)
Vậy hàm số trên đồng biến trên \(\mathbb{R}\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow f\left(3x-2\right)=f\left(y\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-2=y\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-2=\sqrt[3]{81x-8}\\ \Leftrightarrow27x^3-54x^2-45x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} x = 0\\ x = \dfrac{{3 \pm 2\sqrt 6 }}{3} \end{array} \right.\)
Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm: \(T = \left\{ {0;\dfrac{{3 \pm 2\sqrt 6 }}{3}} \right\}\)