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a)
$Zn + S \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnS$
$n_{Zn} =\dfrac{9,75}{65} = 0,15 > n_S = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12$ nên Zn dư
$n_{ZnS} = n_S = 0,12(mol)$
$m_{ZnS} = 0,12.97 = 11,64(gam)$
$n_{Zn\ dư} = 0,15 - 0,12 = 0,03(mol)$
$m_{Zn\ dư} = 0,03.65 = 1,95(gam)$
b)
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$ZnS + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2S$
$n_{khí} = n_{H_2} + n_{H_2S} = n_{Zn\ dư} + n_{ZnS} = 0,15(mol)$
$V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)$
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{9.75}{65}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_S=\dfrac{3.84}{32}=0.12\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+S\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}ZnS\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.15}{1}>\dfrac{0.12}{1}\Rightarrow Zndư\)
\(a.\)
\(m_X=m_{ZnS}+m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0.12\cdot97+\left(0.15-0.12\right)\cdot65=13.59\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.03..................................0.03\)
\(ZnS+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2S\)
\(0.12.................................0.12\)
\(V_{khí}=0.03\cdot22.4+0.12\cdot22.4=3.36\left(l\right)\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,6.2=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,6.18=10,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{muoi.khan}=37,6+43,8-10,8=70,6\left(g\right)\) ( định luật bảo toàn khối lượng )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27.n_{Al}+102.n_{Al_2O_3}=15,6\\\dfrac{n_{Al}}{n_{Al_2O_3}}=\dfrac{2}{1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2--->0,6
Al2O3 + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
0,1------>0,6
=> nHCl = 1,2 (mol)
=> \(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,2}{1}=1,2\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{hhk}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x là số mol Ca
y là số mol CaCO3
\(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\)
x..........2x...........x.............x
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
y...................2y............y........................y
Ta có x+y =0,3
Mặt khác ta lại có x:y=1:1
=> x=y=0,15
=>m=0,15.40+0,15.100=21(g)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,3+0,3\right).36,5}{14,6\%}=150\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau phản ứng = m + mddHCl-mkhí = 21 +150 - (0,15.2 + 0,15.44) = 164,1 (g)
=> \(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,15+0,15\right).111}{164,1}.100=20,29\%\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{55,5-20}{71}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> V = 0,5.22,4 = 11,2 (l)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL, ta có:
mkl + mCl2 = m(muối)
=> mCl2 = 55,5 - 20 = 35,5 (g)
=> nCl2 = 35,5/71 = 0,5 (mol)
=> VCl2 = 0,5 . 22,4 = 11,2 (l)
Câu 1:
Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_______a______a(mol)
MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
b_____2b_______b___b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)
=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%
=> %mMgO= 45,455%
b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)
c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)