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recycling/ nothing/ list/ vegetables/ something/ save/ trouble/ polluting/ taking. Our environment is in (1)trouble. Modern ways of living and today’s industries are (2)polluting it. Most people think there is (3) nothing they can do. This is not true. Everyone can do something to help (4) save our environment. Here is a (5)list of things you can do.
-
- Help to cut pollution by (6)taking the bus to work instead of your car.
- Buy fruit and (7) vegetables that have not been treated with pesticides.
- Recycle all your cans, bottles and paper. There should be a (8) recycling center somewhere near your home, so take them there.
Our environment is in trouble. Modern ways of living and today’s industries are polluting it. Most people think there is nothing they can do. This is not true. Everyone can do something to help save our environment. Here is a list of things you can do.
- Help to cut pollution by taking the bus to work instead of your car.
- Buy fruit and vegetables that have not been treated with pesticides.
- Recycle all your cans, bottles and paper. There should be a recycling center somewhere near your home, so take them there.
Most of the world’s energy comes from the sun. The sun’s energy is in wood, oil, and other things that people use for energy.
VI. Read the text then answer true or false
People use many sources of energy. Ancient people used only their arms, hands, and simple tools until they discovered fire. Later, people learned to use the energy of the wind to sail ships. Then they learned to use animals to do work. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, people began to use machines. The first machines used steam. They burned coal to heat water. The hot water turned into steam, and the steam engine did the work. Later, people began to use the gasoline engine, and today people are using nuclear energy. Energy is one of the basic concepts, or ideas, of physics. It is the ability to do work. Without energy we could live. We need energy to work, and scientists are always looking for new sources of energy.
1. None of the world’s energy comes from the sun. F
2. Wind, steam, and gasoline are sources of energy. T
3. People have never used nuclear energy. F
4. Energy is the ability to do work. T
5. We need new sources of energy. T
Give the correct form of the words in bracket
1. We are going to give a...presentation... about water pollution (present)
2. Many people have received medical...treatment....because of the disease (treat)
3........Industrial...................has caused the problem of air pollution (industry)
4 The.......reduction.........in air pollution was dramatic last year (reduce)
5. Students are taught about...environmental.........issues at school (environment)
Read the passage and fill in the each blank with ONE suitable word
harms move affects indirect effects
protect harmful leads can caused
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
there are different kinds of negative and harmful effects of air pollution. Air pollution (1) effects global warming in a great scale. The global warming (2) leads to the increase of temperatures worldwide, the increase in sea levels and the melting of icebergs. It (3) harms all species on the earth. The effects of air pollution are very (4) harmful for health. It causes diferent kinds of diseases like heart attack, cancer,etc. Every year millions of people of all over the world die due to direct or (5) indirect effects of air pollution. Acid rain is another efect of air pollution. acid rain can cause great damage to human, animals and crops. Air pollution (6) affects the wild life. Humans and animals face a lot of serious efects due to air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can forrce wildlife species to (7) move to new place and change their habitat. The toxic pollutants over the surface of the water can also affect sea animals. It is right time (8) protect ourr environment. To create a better place to live, we have to stop the air.
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
15. Farmers in our area usually use (pesticides/ herbicides/ waste/ sewage) to kill insects
16. If we (polluted/ pollute/ pollution/ pollutant) the air, more people will have breathing problems
17. If you can experience noise pollution for a long time, you can have headache, high blood pressure and (hearing loss/ contaminant/cough/ radiation)
18. Because the water is polluted, (aquatic/ electric/ chemical/ fresh) plants may also die
19. (Noise/ Headache/ Earplug/ Symptom) is any sound that is loud and constant.
20. Do you know what (polluted/ pollute/ pollution/ pollutant) cause air pollution
21. (Poison/ Poisonous/ Poisoning/ Poisoned) chemical waste is dumped into the river by many factories
22. The (dead/ die/ death/ died) fish are floating in the water.
23. We plant trees, (due to/ because/ because of/ so) we can have fresh air.
24. When the loudness of sounds is more than (20 dBs/ 30dBs/ 50 dBs/ 70dBs), noise pollution happens
25. Too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (causes/ lead/ result/ make) to global warming
26. Waste from households will gradually (contamination/contaminate/contaminant/ contaminated) the lake.
27.People in countries like the USA, Great Britain, and New Zealand use English as their (official/ foreign/ native/ mother) language.
28. “Loch” is a Scottish word for “ (river/ sea/ lake/ pond)”.
29.A (sari/ kilt/ kimono/ scarf) is the traditional garment which is often worn by Scottish men on special occasions.
2.Some tiny _________ organisms________ are carried along by the currents. (ORGANIZISE)
3.Sperm Whale _______population__________ are at risk due to hunting. (POPULATE)
4. These birds ______migrate________ to North Africa in winter. ( MIGRATORY)
5. Scientists have made many important new dicoveries of the ____depth_________by using modern devices. (DEEP)
6. Community police have made a very positive ___contribution__________ to crime prevention. (CONTRIBUTE)
7. This new discovery challenged traditional ______beliefs_________. ( BELIEVE)
8. They are investigating the mysterious _______disappearance__of a young woman. (APPEAR)
9. Seventy-five percent of the earth surface is ________covered______ by water. (COVER)
10. The power station has been shut down for essential __________maintenance_______. (MAINTAIN)
11. The ______investigation_________ of the seabed is being carried out. (INVESTIGATE)
12. Sperm Whale populations are at risk due to hunting and their accidental _________entrapment______ in fishing nets. (ENTRAP)
13. By the age of eighteen he was completely ____independent____________ of his parents. (DEPEND)
14. The government has just set up a wildlife ____conservation___________ project. (CONSERVE)
15. If _______modern ______ technology did not exist, we would never have such precious information. (MODERNISE)
16. She overcame ______injury______ to win the Olympic gold medal. (INJURE)
UNIT 10
1. The world’s rain forests must be safe from ______destruction___________. ( DESTROY).
2. Major steps are being taken to control the _______pollution_________ of beaches. (POLLUTE)
3. Water conservation is ____necessary__________ for hydropower stations. (NECESSITATE)
4. People are _______constantly___________ doing harm to the environment. ( CONSTANT)
5. The giant panda is an __________endangered______species. (DANGER)
6. Doing this will waste a lot of ______valuable________time and effort. (VALUE)
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The role of the female honeybee
B. Preventing fermentation in honey
C. Why honeybees build huge wax nests
D. How a honeybee colony works to make honey
2. What can be inferred from the passage about honey?
A. It's not always the same color
B. It is only liked by a minority of people
C. Watery honey can go bad easily
D. It is created and cared for by the queen bee
3. What do honeybees do to prevent fermentation?
A. Blow air on the honey by waving their wings
B. Overproduce honey using their legs
C. Feed the larvae the unfermented honey
D. Bring the honey to the honeycomb cells
4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of honeybees?
A. They work together in their colony.
B. They produce honey through a complex process
C. The queen bee is responsible for making honey
D The worker bees work both inside and outside of their hive.
1.Some children give a great deal of thought to their future work
A. Some children think a great deal of their given work
B . Some children’s future work is given to them
C. . Some children think a great deal of their future work
D. Some children thought a lot of their future work
2. they have no knowledge of what to expect when they start their work
A. they know little about what to expect when they start their work
B they don’t have little knowledge of what to expect when they start their work
C. when they start their work, they think about their knowledge that they expect
D. they hardly know of what to expect when they start their work
3. he gave us and his classmates a lot of help in the study
A. he gave many help to us and his classmates in the study
B. he help us and his classmates a lot in the study
C. he offered much help in the study to us and his classmates
D. they were given a lot of help in the study by him
II
1 He has a great deal of books most of which are onscience and technology
A B C D
2 john had made several spelling mistake in hisassignment so he didn’t get good mark
A B C D
3. in the early days of the development, car used a large number of fuel, and now cars are more economical
A B C D
TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
Since about the end of the world war two,technology has advanced rapidly,These advances in agriculture ,transportation and industry have _changed___ our way of life.Unfortunately ,these advances have also __pretended___our environment.
The most _typhical___ example of a useful technological advance s,of course,the car.Cars have changed the ways we live nd added to our convenience and comport.They do,_however_,pollute the atmosphere . Measures are finaaly being taken to_lessen/reduce_ the pollutant produced by a car. Now lead is being_eliminated__from gasoline and catelytic converters are _installed___in modern cars to remove pollutant produced by the engines.
Another example pf a common product of modern technology that __contributes___to environmental pollution is plastic.Plastic cause pollution when they are manufactured because a great deal deal of electrictity is needed in their production.They are also a problem to_discard___ because they vwill not biograde and they cannot be _disortted_in the soil.
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