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a) Ta có: \(B=\left(1+\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\)
=1-a
b) Ta có: \(2x^2-5x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{\dfrac{1}{2};2\right\}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{1}{x-\sqrt{x}}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{2}{x-1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
a) Ta có: \(A=\sqrt{23+6\sqrt{10}}-\sqrt{23-6\sqrt{10}}\)
\(=\sqrt{18+2\cdot3\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{5}+5}-\sqrt{18-2\cdot3\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{5}+5}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(3\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}\)
\(=3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}-3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\)
\(=2\sqrt{5}\)
b) Ta có: \(B=\left(\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}+1}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{2-\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}-1}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{\sqrt{2}+1}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{\sqrt{2}-1}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\)
=2-1=2
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\left(đk:a>0,a\ne1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}:\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{a-1-a+2}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-2}{1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-2}{\sqrt{a}}\)
Để A nguyên
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-2}{\sqrt{a}}=1-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{a}}\in Z\)
Do \(\sqrt{a}>0,\sqrt{a}\ne1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{2\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=4\)
ĐKXĐ: \(a>0 \) \(a\ne 1\)
=\((\sqrt{a} +\frac{a}{1-\sqrt{a} } )(\frac{\sqrt{a} }{2}-\frac{1}{2} )\)
=\(\frac{\sqrt{a} -a+a}{1-\sqrt{a} }\frac{\sqrt{a}-1 }{2}\)
=\(\frac{-\sqrt{a} }{2} \)
\(\left(\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}}{1+\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{a}{1-\sqrt{a}}\right).\left(\dfrac{a}{2\sqrt{a}}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(ĐKXĐ:a>0;a\ne1\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}+\dfrac{a}{1-\sqrt{a}}\right).\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-a+a}{1-\sqrt{a}}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{-\sqrt{a}}{2}\)
ta có :\(a^2-ab+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-3ab\ge\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)(theo BĐT AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sum\dfrac{a+b}{2\sqrt{ab+1}}\)
ÁP dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{2\sqrt{ab+1}}+\dfrac{b+c}{2\sqrt{bc+1}}+\dfrac{c+a}{2\sqrt{ca+1}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{8\sqrt{\left(ab+1\right)\left(bc+1\right)\left(ca+1\right)}}}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{\left(ab+1\right)\left(bc+1\right)\left(ca+1\right)}}}\)
Mà \(\sqrt[3]{\left(ab+1\right)\left(bc+1\right)\left(ca+1\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{\left(ab+bc+ca+3\right)}}\)(*)
ta liên tưởng đến BĐT phụ:\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
Cm: phân tích :\(VT=xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(x+z\right)+2xyz\)
\(=xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(z+x\right)+3xyz-xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-xyz\)
mà \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}=9xyz\)
nên \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-\dfrac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
Áp dụng:
\(1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
mặt khác,theo AM-GM,dễ dàng chứng minh được \(a+b+c\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
nên \(1\ge\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
từ (*)\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{4}+3}}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{5}}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a-b}\cdot\sqrt{3^2\left(a-b\right)^2}\left(a>b\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{a-b}\cdot3\left|a-b\right|=\dfrac{3\left(a-b\right)}{a-b}=3\)