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\(a,PTHH:2KMnO_4\rightarrow^{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\\ b,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,3\cdot32=9,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4\left(bđ\right)}=m_{\text{chất rắn}}+m_{O_2}=109,6\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{MnO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{MnO_2}=0,3\cdot87=26,1\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{26,1}{100}\cdot100\%=26,1\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{KMnO_4}=100\%-26,1\%=73,9\%\)
a, PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
b, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{53,76}{22,4}=2,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=2,4.32=76,8\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{KClO_3}=76,8+168,2=245\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo pthh: \(n_{KClO_3\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.2,4=1,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{KClO_3\left(phân.huỷ\right)}=\dfrac{1,6.122,5}{245}=80\%\)
a) \(n_{KCl}=\dfrac{14,9}{74,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
0,2<-----------0,2----->0,3
=> mKClO3 = 0,2.122,5 = 24,5(g)
VO2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(l)
b) \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{25,725}{122,5}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol KClO3 pư là a
=> (0,21-a).122,5 + 74,5a = 16,125
=> a = 0,2 (mol)
=> nO2 = 0,3 (mol)
=> VO2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(l)
2KClO3 => (to) 2KCl + 3O2
nO2 = 53.76/22.4 = 2.4 (mol)
=> nKCl = nKClO3 = 1.6 (mol)
mKClO3 = n.M = 122.5 x 1.6 = 196 (g)
mKCl = n.M = 74.5 x 1.6 = 119.2 (g)
mKClO3 dư = mchất rắn - mKCl = 168.2 - 119.2 = 49 (g)
mKClO3 ban đầu = mKClO3 pứ + mKClO3 dư = 49 + 196 = 245 (g)
% KClO3 đem nhiệt phân = 196x100/245 = 80%
ĐLBTKL: \(m_{KClO_3}=m_{\text{chất rắn còn lại}}+m_{O_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24,5-13,45=11,05\left(g\right)\)
Câu 7:
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư,Znhết\\ a,n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{O\left(mất\right)}=n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{giảm}=m_{O\left(mất\right)}=0,3.16=4,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m=4,8\left(g\right)\)
Câu 6:
- Giả sử có 1 mol hỗn hợp khí A.
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{N_xO}=30\%.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_2}=30\%.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=1-\left(0,3+0,3\right)=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,3.\left(14x+16\right)+0,3.64+0,4.44=41,6+4,2x\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{N_xO}=19,651\%\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4,2x+4,8}{41,6+4,2x}.100\%=19,651\%\\ \Leftrightarrow x=1\\ \Rightarrow N_xO.là:NO\\ M_{hhA}=\dfrac{0,3.30+0,3.64+0,4.44}{1}=45,8\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow d_{\dfrac{hhA}{H_2}}=\dfrac{45,8}{2}=22,9\)
\(1)PTHH:CaCO_3\xrightarrow{t^o}CaO+CO_2\uparrow\\ n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{500.95\%}{100}=4,75(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{CaO}=4,75(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaO}=4,75.56=266(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaO(tt)}=266.80\%=212,8(g)\\ m_{CaCO_3(k p/ứ)}=500.95\%.20\%=95(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=95+212,8=307,8(g)\\ 2)\%m_{CaO}=\dfrac{212,8}{307,8}.100\%=69,136\%\\ n_{CO_2}=n_{CaO}=4,75(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=4,75.22,4=106,4(l)\)
a) \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^O}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1mol\)
Theo pt \(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=2\cdot0,1=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m=31,6g\)
b)\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{22,4}=0,33mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{O_2}=0,5mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m=61,25g\)
c) Cùng 1 số mol , kali clorat sẽ cho nhiều oxi sản phẩm hơn
số mol O2 là:
\(n_{O_2}=\frac{73,56}{22,4}=3,284\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:\(2KClO_3\rightarrow2KCl+3O_2\)
\(m_{KClO_3}=n.M=\left(3,284.\frac{2}{3}\right).\left(39+35,5+16.3\right)=268,153\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ }=n.M=\left(3,284.\frac{2}{3}\right).\left(39+35,5\right)=163,0805\left(g\right)\)(m chất rắn)