Question

[Quang Anh]

Complete the table opposite with from the following text. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer

The LIFE AND DEATH OF PUNK

Although the punk movement didn't gain cultural popularity the late 1970's, the origins of the subbculture stemmed from cultural scenes in the UK and USA earlier in the decade with radical musician such as The Velvet Underground and new thinkers like Malcolm McClaren. As with any subculture, the first stage must be the birth of the subculture which is led by cultural leader. these leaders inspire the styles and values that will become part of the subculture. In the case of punk, McClaren was very muc hthe stylist of the stylist of the punk look, selling daring clothes that the punk culture came to embrace.

Punk began in its fullest form in the 1970s, when the daring and anti-establishment concepts of the these pioneers took a more popular form. Punk sprang up largely as a result of a weakening economy and high levels of unemployment. Social and political problems are often the reason behind the next stage of subcultural development; the subcultural embrace. This is when the subculture is at its most dynamic, and is becoming increasingly accepted.

After that the subculture plateaus. This is when it become stable ans people demonstrate sub-norms which include shared ways of dressing, shared values and beliefs, and shared forms of film or music. in terms of punk, this can be seen in such things as Mohawks, a particularly striking hairstyles, and piercings. Punk often have many facial piercing which make them stand out from the norm. This need for individualism is quite strong in youth subcultures, yet at the same time is a contradiction because these very people are copying from within their groups. A striking feature at this stage is the onset of deviant subcultures, which take some charateristic. As well as often exhibiting anti-social behaviour, they distance themselves from the main subculture by mutual dislike. In the culture of punk, skinhead are an apt example of this, exhibiting all th key features of a deviant subculture.

The important thing to note is that whereas the main subculture continues through the cultural plateau to then suffer from eventual rejection, the deviant subculture continues for much longer. A youth subculture usually fade away after an amount of time as it becomes more and more old-fashioned; something which young people never like to be associated with. the 'accepted' subcultures are then replaced by a newer and more cutting-edge subculture, in the case of punk, dance and new romantic subcultures emerged which saw the end of the established subculture of punk

THE LIFE SPAN OF A YOUTH SUBCULTURE

Stage	Description	Relation to punk movement
1.subculture1.............	Syles and values of subcultures initiated cultural pioneers	e.g. pioneers like Malcolm McClaren
2.subcultural 2 ........	Often a reaction to socio-political issues	e.g. economic decline and 3.....
3.subcultural plateau	Identified in development of shared behavioural, attitudinal, fashion, and musical.4........	e.g. Mohawks, piercings
creation of a deviant subculture	Often characterized by 5...... and main subculture rejection	e.g skinheads
4, 6......	Caused by ageing of the subculture	e.g rise of dance and new romantics