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a, \(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{13}< \frac{1}{12};\frac{1}{14}< \frac{1}{12};\frac{1}{15}< \frac{1}{12}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}< \frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{12}=\frac{3}{12}=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{61}< \frac{1}{60};\frac{1}{62}< \frac{1}{60};\frac{1}{63}< \frac{1}{60}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}< \frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}=\frac{3}{60}=\frac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}< \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy...
b, Đặt A là tên của tổng trên
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}=\frac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}\right)\)
Đặt B là biêu thức trong ngoặc
Ta có: \(1=1;\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2};\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3};....;\frac{1}{50^2}< \frac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 2-\frac{1}{50}< 2\)
Thay B vào A ta được:
\(A< \frac{1}{2^2}.2=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(4B=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{7^2}\)
Ta lại có: \(4B-1\le\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{6.7}=1-\frac{1}{7}=\frac{6}{7}
\(có\) \(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{36}+\frac{1}{64}+\frac{1}{100}+\frac{1}{144}+\frac{1}{196}\approx1,4\)
\(mà\) \(\frac{1}{2}=1,5\)
\(=>\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{36}+\frac{1}{100}+\frac{1}{144}+\frac{1}{196}<\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{16}+...+\frac{1}{196}\)\(<\frac{1}{2^2-1}+\frac{1}{4^2-1}+\frac{1}{6^2-1}+...+\frac{1}{14^2-1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.3}+\frac{1}{3.5}+\frac{1}{5.7}+...+\frac{1}{13.15}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5}...+\frac{1}{13}-\frac{1}{15}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{15}\right)<\frac{1}{2}\) \(\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có : \(S=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}\right)
Ta có:
\(S=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}\)
\(=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}\right)\)
Bài toán phụ 1:
Ta có:
1/13<1/12
1/14<1/12
1/15<1/12
=>1/13+1/14+1/15<1/12x3=1/4 (1)
Bài toán phụ 2:
Ta có:
1/61<1/60
1/62<1/60
1/63<1/60
=>1/61+1/62+1/63<1/60x3=1/20 (2)
Từ (1) và (2), ta có:
1/5+1/13+1/14+1/15+1/61+1/62+1/63<1/5+1/4+1/20
1/5+1/13+1/14+1/15+1/61+1/62+1/63<4/20+5/20+1/20
1/5+1/13+1/14+1/15+1/61+1/62+1/63<9/20<1/2
=>1/5+1/13+1/14+1/15+1/61+1/62+1/63<1/2
A = 1/5 + 1/13 + 1/14 + 1/15 + 1/60 + 1/61 + 1/62 + 1/63
Ta có : A = 1/5 + 1/13 + 1/14 + 1/15 + 1/60 + 1/61 + 1/62 + 1/63 < 1/5 + 1/12 + 1/12 + 1/12 + 1/60 + 1/60 + 1/60
= A < 1/5 + 1/4 + 1/20
= A < 1/2
Vậy A < 1/12