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a: Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+b^2}{d^2k^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
Do đó: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)
b: \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot b}{dk\cdot d}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
\(\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{bk-b}{dk-d}\right)^2=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\)
\(\dfrac{2010c-2011b}{2009}=\dfrac{2011a-2009c}{2010}=\dfrac{2009b-2010a}{2011}\)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2009=x\\2010=y\\2011=z\end{matrix}\right.\) Ta có:
\(\dfrac{cy-bz}{x}=\dfrac{az-cx}{y}=\dfrac{bx-ay}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{cxy-bxz}{x^2}=\dfrac{ayz-cxy}{y^2}=\dfrac{bxz-ayz}{z^2}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{cxy-bxz}{x^2}=\dfrac{ayz-cxy}{y^2}=\dfrac{bxz-ayz}{z^2}=\dfrac{cxy-bxz+ayz-cxy+bxz-ayz}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}cy=bz\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\\az=cx\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{c}{z}\\bx=ay\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{2009}=\dfrac{b}{2010}=\dfrac{c}{2011}\left(đpcm\right)\)
a) Ta có:
\(-\dfrac{24}{35}< -\dfrac{24}{30}< -\dfrac{19}{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow x< y\)
b) Ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{2006}{2007}-\dfrac{2007}{2008}+\dfrac{2008}{2009}-\dfrac{2009}{2010}\)
\(A=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2007}\right)-\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2008}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2009}\right)-\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2010}\right)\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{2007}-1+\dfrac{1}{2008}+1-\dfrac{1}{2009}-1+\dfrac{1}{2010}\)
\(A=-\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}-\dfrac{1}{2009}+\dfrac{1}{2010}\)
Ta lại có:
\(B=-\dfrac{1}{2006.2007}-\dfrac{1}{2008.2009}\)
\(B=-\dfrac{1}{2006}+\dfrac{1}{2007}-\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}\)
=> Dễ dàng thấy A > B
\(A=\dfrac{2006}{2007}-\dfrac{2007}{2008}+\dfrac{2008}{2009}-\dfrac{2009}{2010}\)
\(A=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2007}\right)-\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2008}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2009}\right)-\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2010}\right)\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{2007}-1+\dfrac{1}{2008}+1-\dfrac{1}{2009}-1+\dfrac{1}{2010}\)
\(A=\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-1\right)-\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}-\dfrac{1}{2009}+\dfrac{1}{2010}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2008}-\dfrac{1}{2009}+\dfrac{1}{2010}\)
\(B=-\dfrac{1}{2006.2007}-\dfrac{1}{2008.2009}\)
\(B=-\left(\dfrac{1}{2006}-\dfrac{1}{2007}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2008}-\dfrac{1}{2009}\right)\)
\(B=-\dfrac{1}{2006}+\dfrac{1}{2007}-\dfrac{1}{2008}+\dfrac{1}{2009}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2007}+\dfrac{1}{2009}-\dfrac{1}{2006}+\dfrac{1}{2008}\)
Dễ dàng thấy \(A>B\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{2009}\)=\(\dfrac{b}{2010}\)=\(\dfrac{c}{2011}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{2009}=\dfrac{b}{2010}=\dfrac{c}{2011}=\dfrac{c-a}{2011-2009}=\dfrac{c-a}{2}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{2009}=\dfrac{b}{2010}=\dfrac{c}{2011}=\dfrac{a-b}{2009-2010}=\dfrac{a-b}{-1}\)(2)\(\dfrac{a}{2009}=\dfrac{b}{2010}=\dfrac{c}{2011}=\dfrac{b-c}{2010-2011}=\dfrac{b-c}{-1}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1),(2),(3) \(_{\Rightarrow}\)\(\dfrac{c-a}{2}=\dfrac{a-b}{-1}=\dfrac{b-c}{-1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^{ }2}{2^{ }2}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)}{-1}\times\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)}{-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\times\left(b-c\right)}{1}\Rightarrow4\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)=\left(a-c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow M=4\left(a-b\right).\left(a-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vậy M = 0
đặt \(\dfrac{a}{2009}=\dfrac{b}{2010}=\dfrac{c}{2011}=k\) ta có:
\(\Rightarrow a=2009k\left(1\right)\\ \Rightarrow b=2010k\left(2\right)\\ \Rightarrow c=2011k\left(3\right)\)
thay 1;2;3 vào M ta có:
\(M=4\left(2009k-2010k\right)\left(2010k-2011k\right)-\left(2011k-2009k\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow M=4.\left(-k\right)\left(-k\right)-\left(2k\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow M=4k^2-\left(2k\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow M=\left(2k\right)^2-\left(2k\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow M=0\)Vậy M = 0
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk,c=dk\)
Vậy:
\(\frac{a\cdot c}{b\cdot d}=\frac{bk\cdot dk}{b\cdot d}=\frac{k^2\cdot\left[b\cdot d\right]}{b\cdot d}=k^2\)
và
\(\frac{2009a^2+2010c^2}{2009b^2+2010d^2}=\frac{2009\left[bk\right]^2+2010\left[dk\right]^2}{2009b^2+2010d^2}=\frac{2009\cdot b^2k^2+201d^2k^2}{2009b^2+2010d^2}=\frac{k^2\left[2009b^2+2010d^2\right]}{2009b^2+2010d^2}=k^2\)Vậy khi \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{ac}{bd}=\frac{2009a^2+2010c^2}{2009b^2+2010d^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2009\right)\left(b-2010\right)=\left(a-2009\right)\left(b+2010\right)\)
=>ab-2010a+2009b-2009x2010=ab+2010a-2009b-2009x2010
=>-4020a=-4018b
=>a/2009=b/2010