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I. Complete each sentence with one suitable preposition or connective :
( by; from; in; on; and; if; but; to; from; or; for; since; of; into; because; althought; therefore; however; up; so ; and; at; with )
1. It seems very difficult ...for.....me to have a trip abroad.
2. It all depends ......on......my parents.
3. Maryam wanted to stay.....in...... Ha Noi
4. I didn't buy the car .........because..........I didn't have enough money
5. It was raining heavily,.....so......I went out.
Noi?
6. Is it very different.....from......Ha Noi? -The two cities are the same in some ways.
7. He went to see a movie called "Ghosts......and.... Monsters".
8. Mai goes to school six days a week,.....from.... .Monday to Saturday
9. We're looking forward.......to...seeing you in June.
10. Both boys enjoy school,..and......they prefer to be outside the classroom
11. Would you like to play soccer......and......volleyball ?
12. They are waiting......for...... Lan outside her school.
13. It's very kind......of.....you to say so !
14. He got wet....because........ he didn't take a raincoat.
I. Complete each sentence with one suitable preposition or connective :
( by; from; in; on; and; if; but; to; from; or; for; since; of; into; because; although; therefore; however; up; so ; and; at; with )
1. It seems very difficult for me to have a trip abroad.
2. It all depends on my parents.
3. Maryam wanted to stay in Ha Noi
4. I didn't buy the car because I didn't have enough money
5. It was raining heavily, but (.However,) I went out.
6. Is it very different from Ha Noi? -The two cities are the same in some ways.
7. He went to see a movie called "Ghosts and Monsters".
8. Mai goes to school six days a week, from Monday to Saturday
9. We're looking forward to seeing you in June.
10. Both boys enjoy school, but they prefer to be outside the classroom
11. Would you like to play soccer or volleyball ?
12. They are waiting for Lan outside her school.
13. It's very kind of you to say so !
14. He got wet because he didn't take a rincoat.
15. Because they forgot about the time, they arrived home late.
16. Van feels like a member of the family because they are very nice.
17. She got up late, so she missed the first class.
18 Although the work is sometimes very hard, he is doing it very well.
19. We sometimes stayed out late, but we always got home before midnight.
20. Malaysia is divided into two regions.
21. The ao dai consists of a long silk tunic that is slit on the sides
22. Some designers have taken inspiration from Vietnamese's ethnic minorities.
23. My friend and I always keep in touch.
24.Maryam was impressed by the beauty of the city and by the friendliness of its people.
25. On Maryam's first day in Ha Noi, Lan took her to Hoang Kiem Lake.
26. She is beautiful and intelligent, so (;therefore,) she won the beauty contest.
27. He seemed a friendly person, but I didn't like him.
28. Vietnamese women today often prefer to wear modern clothing at work.
29. Maryam was really impressed by the beauty of Hue.
30. He went to the market to buy a jacket, a pair of shoes and a T-Shirt.
II. Complete each sentence with one suitable preposition or connective
( by; from; in; on; and; if; but; to; from; or; for; since; of; into; because; although; therefore; however; up; so ; and; at; with )
1. We have lived in this town for ten years.
2. Which country do you come from ?
3. The children are very interested in those cartoons.
4. She spend all her money on clothes.
5. My daughter goes to work at seven o'clock.
6. Workers loved wearing jean cloth because the material was very strong
7. The ao dai has been modernized since years.
8. Some designers have printed lines of poetry on the ao dai.
9. He is good at English
10. The sales of jeans stopped growing (up) but they have never been out of fashion.
11. We have lived in this town since 1998.
12. Jeans have never been out of fashion.
13 Jean cloth was made from cotton.
14. In the 1990s, the sale of jeans stopped going up
15. They have added patterns to the ao dai, so it looks traditional and fashionable.
16. My sister is fond of.........
17. She doesn't find it convenient to wear ao dai................wearing school uniform everyday.
18. My mother hasn't worn ao dai for ten years
19. Some designers have taken inspiration from Vietnam's ethnic minorities.
20. Jean cloth was very strong and it didn't wear out easily
III. Complete each sentence with one suitable preposition or connective
( by; from; in; on; and; if; but; to; from; or; for; since; of; into; because; althought; therefore; however; up; so ; and; at; with )
1. His opinion is different from mine.
2. If you don't pay attention to the teacher, you will be punished.
3. I'm good at English
4. I play volleyball, and I play basketball.
5. Mrs. Brown is often worried about money
6. I'm not interested in Politics.
7. His book is different from mine.
8. He has worked for that company since 2000.
9. The apartment was comfortable, and it was not very expensive.
10. Your plan is similar with his.
11. The boy is afraid of snakes.
12. You must learn by heart new words.
13. They are interested in buying a new house.
14. The bus collected me very early in the morning
15. Don't worry about the money! I'll lend you.
16. Their parents were very angry, but they soon forgave their children's bad remarks
17. These machines haven't been used for many years
18. The Vietnamese course starts at 3rd October
19.I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
20. He will stay there at the beginning of October.
21. Late in the afternoon, we went shopping.
22. I enjoy the film although the beginning was boring.
23. Plastic bags can cause pollution because they are hard to disolve.
24. I haven't seen him since 2003
25. He's been in LonDon for five days.
26. My English course will end on December
27. She's been working since nine this morning.
28. Solar energy is cheap and unpolluted, so many people like to use it.
29. I haven't eaten for hours.
30. She is living with her parents on the farm.
31. Are you lefi-handed or right-handed?
32. She's lived here since 1975
33. The water is polluted, so it can't be drunk.
34. Many people use these light bulbs because they last longer than ordinary ones.
35. They have been married since October.
36. I enjoy watching TV and listening to music.
37. My birthday is on January 1st
38. We have been waiting for twenty minutes
39. It sometimes rains in Auturmn.
40. It was very dark, so I turn on the lights
IV. Complete each sentence with one suitable preposition or connective
( by; from; in; on; and; if; but; to; from; or; for; since; of; into; because; althought; therefore; however; up; so ; and; at; with )
1. Did you see the film at 10 p.m on HTV7 channel last night?
2. The Internet is available in our city, so we can get access to it.
3. I don't like watching sports because some of them are violent.
4. My father likes watching TV, but my mother doesn't.
5. Most of them enjoy playing games on the Internet.
6.I am fond of going to the movie on Sundays
7. A: Do you like reading newspapers or magazines ?
B. Newspapers.
8. He did the test well and I did, too.
9. Remote controls are used to interact with TV.
10. The information is posted by Jimhello at 10 December 2002.
11. Global communication was changed by the invention of the Internet.
12. We usually watch the news on TV because it's very informative.
13. This website is useful for people who are interested in wild life.
14. It's raining heavily, so I can't go out.
15. My mother loves reading newspapers and magazines
(có gì sai sót mong mọi người góp ý :<)
I. I lived in the Middle East for a while, and when I went out, I had to obey the local custom of wearing something over my head and wearing a dress that covered my whole body .At first, I found it a read nuisance, but after a while,I got used to it and even started to like it. You feel really secure, and also you don't have to worry about what to wear all the time
1. The write lives in the Middle East now ...F.....
2. She was constrained to wear national costume .....T....
3. She was very annoyed at the costumme ....F....
4. She felt confident and safe when she wore the costume ..T.......
5. She didn't have to think of what to wear evry day ........T.....
6. The writer is a Muslim ....NO INFORMATION...........
II.
1.The sweater is designed without sleeves .It is ....SLEEVELESS.................(sleeve)
2.Please drive........CAREFULLY........., or you will have an acident (care)
3.They were reunited after a ......SEPARATION.......of more than 20 years (separate)
4.I had no ......DIFFICULTY.........making myself understood (difficult)
5.He is interested in the...........PRESERVATION.........of old building (preserve)
6.Don't depend on him ;he's a very........UNRELIABLE........person (rely)
7.Rob was dismissed after being told by his....EMPLOYER......that he must leave in a month's time (employ)
8.He's quite an ....ENERGETIC........person .He plays lots of sport and goes running everyday (energy)
9.English is a........COMPARABLY....easy language for Swedes to learn (compare)
10.I think it's ver...REASONABLE........of him to expect us to work over time evry night this week (reason)
I. I lived in the Middle East for a while, and when I went out, I had to obey the local custom of wearing something over my head and wearing a dress that covered my whole body .At first, I found it a read nuisance, but after a while,I got used to it and even started to like it. You feel really secure, and also you don't have to worry about what to wear all the time
1. The write lives in the Middle East now ...F.....
2. She was constrained to wear national costume .....T....
3. She was very annoyed at the costumme ....F....
4. She felt confident and safe when she wore the costume ..T.......
5. She didn't have to think of what to wear evry day ........T.....
6. The writer is a Muslim ....NO INFORMATION...........
II.
1.The sweater is designed without sleeves .
It is ....SLEEVELESS.................(sleeve)
2.Please drive........CAREFULLY........., or you will have an acident (care)
3.They were reunited after a ......SEPARATION.......of more than 20 years (separate)
4.I had no ......DIFFICULTY.........making myself understood (difficult)
5.He is interested in the...........PRESERVATION.........of old building (preserve)
6.Don't depend on him ;he's a very........UNRELIABLE........person (rely)
7.Rob was dismissed after being told by his....EMPLOYER......that he must leave in a month's time (employ)
8.He's quite an ....ENERGETIC........person .He plays lots of sport and goes running everyday (energy)
9.English is a........COMPARABLY....easy language for Swedes to learn (compare)
10.I think it's ver...REASONABLE........of him to expect us to work over time evry night this week (reason)
I have Learned, often the hard way, that there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey. First of All, always check and double-check departure times. It is amazing how few people really do this carefully. Once i arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten. My secretary had got the ticket for me and i thought she said that the plane left at 10:50. I walked calmly to the departure desk, thinking I still had a little time to spare. I didn`t bother to take a good look at the ticket. The clerk at the desk told me politely but firmly that the departure time was 10:15 and that the flight was, according to international regulations, " now closed! ". I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting.
The second rule is to remember that even in this age of credit cards, it is still important to have at least a little of the local currency with you when you arrive in a country. This can be absolutely essential if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit. A few years ago, I took a business trip to Oklahoma. I flew there from London via Dallas,with very little time to change planes in between. I arrived there at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed. The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi and since I had no Dollars, i offered to pay in Pounds instead." Listen, Buddy! I only take Real money! " the driver said angrily. Luckily I was able to borrow a few dollars from a clerk at the hotel, but it was Embarrassing.
The third and last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave, especially if you can take only a little baggage with you. I feel sorry for some of my colleagues who travel in heavy suits and raincoats in May, when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during a day. Few people understand just how important it is to have the right sort of clothes with you in these days of rapid air travel.
I. Discuss these questions. Campare your answers.
1. Explain why the writer once arrived at the airport only a few minutes before the plane left.
=>Because his secretary had got the ticket for him and he thought she said that the plane left at 10:50.
2. Whose fault do you think it was? Thư writer's or his secretary's? Give reasons for your answer.
=>Thư writer's .Because he didn`t bother to take a good look at the ticket.
3. Explain why the writer think it is essential to have at least a little local currency when you arrive in a foreign country.
=>Because this can be absolutely essential if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit.
4. Describe some of the problems you could have if you ignore the advice in the last paragraph
=>when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during a day.
I. Discuss these questions. Campare your answers.
1. Explain why the writer once arrived at the airport only a few minutes before the plane left.
=>Because his secretary had got the ticket for him and he thought she said that the plane left at 10:50.
2. Whose fault do you think it was? Thư writer's or his secretary's? Give reasons for your answer.
=>Thư writer's .Because he didn`t bother to take a good look at the ticket.
3. Explain why the writer think it is essential to have at least a little local currency when you arrive in a foreign country.
=>Because this can be absolutely essential if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit.
4. Describe some of the problems you could have if you ignore the advice in the last paragraph
=>when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during a day.
I. Discuss these questions. Campare your answers.
1. Explain why the writer once arrived at the airport only a few minutes before the plane left.
=>Because his secretary had got the ticket for him and he thought she said that the plane left at 10:50.
2. Whose fault do you think it was? Thư writer's or his secretary's? Give reasons for your answer.
=>Thư writer's .Because he didn`t bother to take a good look at the ticket.
3. Explain why the writer think it is essential to have at least a little local currency when you arrive in a foreign country.
=>Because this can be absolutely essential if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit.
4. Describe some of the problems you could have if you ignore the advice in the last paragraph
=>when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during a day.
1.Children get present ______ Christmas and ______ their birthday. (at ... at / on ... on / on ... at / at ... on)
2. If you are going to the post off ice, would you post a letter ______ me? (to / at / on / for)
3. The windows haven’t been cleaned ______ weeks. (ago / since / for / to)
4. We usually go to our home village at least once ______ the summer. (in / on / to / for)
5. He said that John ______ u p his job.
(has given / have given / had given / had to give)
6. When I saw Susan, she said she was taking her driving test ______. (today / the next day / tomorrow / the tomorrow)
7. My TV is broken. I wish it ______ soon. (would be repaired / is repaired / was repaired / will be repaired)
8. I have lived with my parents. I wish I ______ an apartment. (will have / had / would have / has)
9. Have you ever wished you ______ to ski when you were younger? (will learn / could learn / learn / can learn)
10. Sometimes he wishes he ______ a different career when he graduates. (can choose / choose / will choose / could choose)
11. Matthew said he was meeting a friend at the station later ______. (that day / yesterday / tomorrow / this today)
12. The astronauts have alrea dy been in orbit ______ two days. (since / for / till / to)
13. We have lunch from 12.00 ______ 1.00. Then we start again go on ______ 5.30. (to ... at / from ... to / to ... to / to ... till)
14. She said that she ______ to learn to drive.
(is going / go / goes / was going)
15. She asked me ______ I liked pop music. (if / that / what / when)
16. She said that she was going away for a few days and ______ phone me when she got back. (will / must / would / shall)
17. I’ve lived in this street ______. (in 1998 / for 1 998 / since 1998 / tomorrow)
18. I want two seats for Romeo and Juliet ______ Friday night. (on / in / at / to)
19. Our train arrived in York ______ 6.00. (in / for / on / at)
20. There was an accident at the crossroads ______ midnight last night. (at / fo r / on / in)
21. She said she ______ come to the party on Friday. (won’t / doesn’t / can’t / couldn’t)
22. I’m going to swim ______ Monday with Tom. (at / on / for / of)
23. If my watch is broken, I ______ buy a new one because I always need one. (have to / might / have / may)
24. I have got an awful headache. If I see a chemist’s, I ______ buy some aspirins. (must / might / may / should to)
25. I plan to travel around the world. If I don’t visit my father in Japan this year, I ______ go to the USA. (must / have / may / ought to)
26. If you want to get good grades, you ______ study hard. (must / ought / have to/ have)
27. Let’s wait ______ it stops raining. (until / for / to / since)
28. I have lived in this house ______. (ago six years / in six years / since six years / for six years)
29. Columbus discovered America ______ the 15th century. (in / since / for / on)
30. The course begins ______ 8 am ______ 5 pm. (from ... during / from ... since / from ... to / in ... to)
31. I fell asleep ______ the movie. (during / si nce / from / for)
32. Bill asked where ______ from. (do I come / did I come / I come / I came)
33. He wonders what ______ with my heavy luggage. (I will do / I would do / will I do / I do)
34. He said that he was coming ______. (tomorrow after / yesterday / the next day / following day)
35. You ______ go to university if you want to study medicine. (has to / will / must / ought)
36. If you want to loose weight, you ______ eat too many sweets. (might not / mustn’t / shouldn’t / may not)
37. She wishes she __ ____ a new bicycle. (can have / will have / has / could have)
38. I ______ it ______ rain so much in this city. (wishes ... didn’t / wish ... didn’t / wished ... don’t / wish ... don’t)
39. If you want to get well, you ______ see a doctor. (must / might / may / ou ght)
40. ______ you ever wish you ______ fly? (Did ... could / Do ... could / Do ... can / Did ... can)
41. If he doesn’t come soon, he ______ be late. (has / ought to / ought / might)
42. I wish I ______ on a beautiful sunny beach now. (would be lying / can be lying / can be lied / could be lying)
43. ______ he will change his job if he go to the USA. (Perhaps / Since / Recently / Lately)
44. He ______ someone ______ answer that telephone. It’s been ringing for about five minutes. (wish ... can / wish ... would / wi shes ... can / wishes ... would)
45. If the kitchen is in a mess, you ______ clean it. (will / might / ought to / may)
46. I wish you ______ so fast. It makes me nervous. (weren’t driving / can’t drive / won’t drive / will not drive)
47. The music next door is very loud. I wish they ______. (would turn it down / can turn down it / will turn it down / turn down it
I/ review -word forms
1. Some designers have (modern)..MORDERNIZED....... The ao dai by printing lines of poetry on it
2. (Picnic).....Picnickers..have decided to go camping on the river bank
3. She has been (office).....OFFICIALLY.... Invited to that impact meeting
4. These clothes didn't attract me a lot. They looked (fashion)..FASHINABLE.
5. (Tradition)......TRADITIONALLY...., ao dai is frequently worn by men and women
6. Many poets have drawn their (inspired)......INSPIRATION..... From nature
7. It's very difficult to work with Lindsay-she's so (friend)..UNFRIENDLY.
8. The festival is (tradition)...TRADITIONALLY....held in March
9. I an afraid he is coming at an (convenience).....CONVINIENT....... Time
10. You must do the test (care).CAREFULLY...
11. She made a deep (impress) .....IMPRESSION.........on the members of her class
12. English is a (compel)...COMPULSORY........second language in my country
13. The sweater is designed without sleeves. It's (sleeve) SLEEVELESS
14. Women wear make-up to (beautiful).....BEATIFY.... Themselves
15. I am afraid it will be (convenience).......INCONVENIENT..... For you to see him tomorrow
16. He is very rich, so he can live (dependent)..INDEPENDENTLY...
17. Uniforms make students (pride)....PROUD.... Of their school
18. You may find it (help)...HELPFUL..... To read this before making any decisions
19. There ia a man waiting for you at the (enter).....ENTRANCE...... To the hotel
20. Some people enjoy the countryside more because it's (peace)....PEACEFUL
21. Lan has a very lovely (collect)...COLLECTION....... Of dolls
22. We missed the taxi, but (lucky)....LUCKILY.... The meeting started late
23. The journey to the countryside is very (interest)..INTERESTING.....
24. Are you coming to the party? - no, i haven't been (invitation)...INVITED.......
25. Nguyen Du is considered one of the most famous Vietnamese (poem)...POETS...
26. It's (fashion)....FASHIONABLE....... To wear short skirts and faded jeans
27. In England, turnkey is (traditional).........TRADITIONALLY.. Eaten on Christmas Day
28. You must do the test (care)...CAREFULLY
1. Read through the text. Then use the words in capital letters below it to form a word that fits each space.
Like all (0) inventors, Elias Howe had sudden '' flashes of (1) inspiration''. His strange dream is just one example of (2) psychological processes that are still beyond our (3) understanding . This is why there is so much (4) disagreements about dreams and what that really are. Dreams have no (5) meaning at the time we have then. Our (6) interpretation of dreams happens after they are over. Some (7) scientists think that our dreams are partly the (8) products of our unconscious minds. Our memory of the dream my be (9) completely different from the dream we (10) actually had.
0. invent 1. inspire 2. psychology 3. understand 4. disagree 5. mean 6. interpret 7. science 8. produce 9. complete 10. actual
2. Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use no more thann five words including the word in bold. Do not change this word.
1.'' I'm very busy'', Tom said to Joe. ( told)
Tom told Joe that he was very busy.
2. ''Would you mind coming to my office?'' Tom said to his partner. (asked).
Tom asked if his partner could come to his office.
3. '' Yes, I have a little money in Switzerland.'' , he said. ( admitted)
Tom admitted having a little money in Switzerland.
3. Complete the sentence below with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Last night I (have) had a very strange dream. In this dream, I was in a restaurant. I ( sit) sat alone and (read) read a book. Suddenly I (look) looked up and (see) saw a man (stare) staring at me. I (look) looked around and (see) saw a lot of other people (sit) sitting at tables near him. They (laugh) laughed and (smile) smiled about something. The waiter (come) came over to me. He (begin) began to smile. I (ask) asked him why he (smile) smiled . The other people (begin) began to laugh even louder. The waiter (point) pointed to my legs. Then I (understand) understood why everybody (laugh) laughed . I (not wear) didn't wear any trousers.
Chọn từ đúng cho chỗ trống:
1.Vietnamese National Day is celebrated ______ the Second of September (for/ on/ in/ at)
2.It's terrribly hot. It hasn't rained _____ ( yesterday, last two days, two days ago, these days)
3.A plain shirt often has _____ patterns on it (not/no/ a few/ a little)
4.Some designers have printed lines of poetry on the Ao Dai so they ___ modern and fashionable (see/ taste/ look/ sound)
5.Please ______ a little sugar to the soup because it's rather salty ( plus/ add/ extra/ bonus)
6. Mr. Win ____ be strict with his students at school ( is said to/ is said that to/ is said to have/ is said that to have)
7. What do you think about our new style? - __________ ( No, I like it/ I agree with you/ Yes,i see it/ I don't think I like it)
8. Most of the students are ____ to study hard for the exam ( made/ attempted/ liked/ tried)
9. The text refers to the problem of ___ at school ( what to eat/ whatto say/ what to sing/ what to wear)
10. The writer is ____ to wearing uiniforms at school ( accustomed/ opposite/ used/ looking forward to)
11. We wish we _____ a trip to the countryside for the summer vacation to one (would go/ made/ did/ would make)
12. I don't know when they will announce the results. All we can do is ____ for the announcement (wait/to wait/ waiting/ waited)
13.This monument ___ in the 17th century ( built/ is built/ was built/ has been built)
14." I suggest going to VT on the weekend" ."______" ( That's reason/ that's a good idea/ that's a fine day/ that's a trip)
15. " Would you like to go and visit the museum tomorrow?" _"___________" ( that right/ I like to see it/ You must want it/ That would be great)
Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống:
1. We often admire the __friendliness__ ( friend) of Japanese people
2. German is __compulsory__ (compel) taught in class 6_11
3. Thousand of __lifelike__( life) electric bulbs were used at the Car Fair
4.There are often conflicts between tradition and __modernism__ ( modern)
5.__economics___ ( Economy) is the study of small economic system
6.The teacher in LQD secondary school are __fashionably___ dressed ( fashion)
7. England is __seperated_ (separation) from France by the channel
8.What are the __difference__ (different) between the Ao Dai nowadays and the one 50 years ago?
9. The _moderation__ (modern) is necessary to our indusrtry
10. It's impossible to make it come true. It's completely ___practical____ (practice)
11. Alot of colorful lighting ___beautify__ ( beauty) the garden
12. It's not difficult to find __regional__ ( region) differences in pronunciation
13. Most of the __villagers___ ( village) have lived here all their lives
14. Their party was held __enjoyably_ (enjoy) in famous restaurant
15. We caa find lots of __food__ (feed) and drink at the supermarket
16. his collection of paiting is most ___impression__ ( impress)
Chọn từ sai và chữa lại:
1. The collect => collection / of cars made him become famous in Italy
2. She has been seriously / sick / since => for two months
3. Beside Buddhism and Hinduism, Islam is the country's /officially => offical religion
4. On the first day, the girl took => was taken /to see many famous places in Ha Noi
5. The Vietnamese Aodai consist=> consists of a long silk tunic that is slit on the sides and worn over loose pants
6. The design and material used for men were different from those are => ''bo'' used for women
Đồi câu cùng nghĩa:
1. He is too old to work hard
-> he isn't young enough to work hard
2. When did you last see the missing boy?
-> How long hasn't the missing boy been seen?
3. My mother has got to so few chances to go abroad
-> My mother wishes she had more chances to go aboard
4. We failed the match because of the referee
-> We were made to fail the match by the referee
5. We must leave the room right now
-> It's high time we left the room
6. When did you last write to your uncle?
-> How long is it since you last wrote to your uncle?
7. Tam finds it difficult to drive on the left
-> Tam's not used to driving on the left