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bài 3:
a, đặt x12=y9=z5=kx12=y9=z5=k
=>x=12k,y=9k,z=5k
ta có: ayz=20=> 12k.9k.5k=20
=> (12.9.5)k^3=20
=>540.k^3=20
=>k^3=20/540=1/27
=>k=1/3
=>x=12.1/3=4
y=9.1/3=3
z=5.1/3=5/3
vậy x=4,y=3,z=5/3
b,ta có: x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29
A/D tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29=x2+y2−z225+49−9=58565=9x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29=x2+y2−z225+49−9=58565=9
=>x=5.9=45
y=7.9=63
z=3*9=27
vậy x=45,y=63,z=27
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(P=\sum\dfrac{x^2\left(y+z\right)}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}\ge\sum\dfrac{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}=\sum\dfrac{2\sqrt{x^3}\sqrt{xyz}}{\sqrt{y^3}+2\sqrt{z^3}}=\sum\dfrac{2\sqrt{x^3}}{\sqrt{y^3}+2\sqrt{z^3}}\)(vì xyz=1).
đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^3}=a\\\sqrt{y^3}=b\\\sqrt{z^3}=c\end{matrix}\right.\)(\(a,b,c>0\))thì giả thiết trở thành cho abc=1. tìm Min \(P=\dfrac{2a}{b+2c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+2a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+2b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz:
\(P=2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{ab+2ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+2ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+2bc}\right)\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=2\)( AM-GM \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\))
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 hay x=y=z=1
Áp dụng liên tiếp bất đẳng thức Mincopxki và bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\right)^2}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{97}{4}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(B=\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(B=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\right)^2}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{162}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{4+\dfrac{162}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{89}{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Điều đầu tiên ta cần chứng minh được BĐT :
\(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2y+2z\ge2\sqrt{xy}+2\sqrt{yz}+2\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\left(y-2\sqrt{yz}+z\right)+\left(z-2\sqrt{zx}+x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)^2\ge0\) ( Đúng )
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - schwarz dưới dạng en-gel ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_A=\dfrac{1}{2}\) . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(VT=\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-xy}}{4yz+1}\ge\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}}{\left(y+z\right)^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x+y\right)}{\left(y+z\right)^2+1}\)
Set \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=a\\y+z=b\\z+x=c\end{matrix}\right.\)thì giả thiết trở thành \(a+b+c=3\) và cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)( đến đây quen thuộc rồi)
Ta có:\(\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}=\sum a-\sum\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\ge3-\sum\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}\)(AM-GM)
\(VT\ge3-\sum\dfrac{ab}{2}\ge3-\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)( AM-GM)
Vậy ta có đpcm.Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 hay \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy , ta có :
\(\dfrac{x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}=\dfrac{x^3}{x\sqrt{1-x^2}}\ge\dfrac{x^3}{\dfrac{x^2+1-x^2}{2}}=2x^3\)
\(\dfrac{y^2}{\sqrt{1-y^2}}=\dfrac{y^3}{y\sqrt{1-y^2}}\ge\dfrac{y^3}{\dfrac{y^2+1-y^2}{2}}=2y^3\)
\(\dfrac{z^2}{\sqrt{1-z^2}}=\dfrac{z^3}{z\sqrt{1-z^2}}\ge\dfrac{z^3}{\dfrac{z^2+1-z^2}{2}}=2z^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+\dfrac{y^2}{\sqrt{1-y^2}}+\dfrac{z^2}{\sqrt{1-z^2}}\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=2\)
Bài 1 :
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{3a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{2}{b^2+3ab}=\dfrac{1}{3a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{4}{2b^2+6ab}\)
Theo BĐT Cô - Si dưới dạng engel ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{3a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{4}{2b^2+6ab}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{3a^2+6ab+3b^2}=\dfrac{9}{3\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{9}{3.1}=3\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi : \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(1+81\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+\dfrac{9}{y}\right)^2}\)
=> \(\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}\ge\dfrac{x+\dfrac{9}{y}}{\sqrt{82}}\)
Tương tự => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{y+\dfrac{9}{z}}{\sqrt{82}}\\\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}\ge\dfrac{z+\dfrac{9}{x}}{\sqrt{82}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)+9\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}{\sqrt{82}}\)
Mà x + y + z = 1
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}=9\)
=> \(P\ge\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)