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Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
Tương tự với các phân số khác
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\cdot\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x+y}\cdot\sqrt{z+x}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y}\cdot\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{y+z}\cdot\sqrt{x+y}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z}\cdot\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{z+x}\cdot\sqrt{y+z}}\right)\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{z+x}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{z}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{x+y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{z+x}+\dfrac{x}{z+x}\right)}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau được:
\(\dfrac{x}{2x+y+z}\)=\(\dfrac{y}{2y+x+z}\)=\(\dfrac{z}{2z+x+y}\)=\(\dfrac{x+y+z}{2x+y+z+2y+x+z+2z+x+y}\)=\(\dfrac{x+y+z}{3x+3y+3z}\)=\(\dfrac{x+y+z}{3.\left(x+y+z\right)}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)=\(\dfrac{3}{9}\)<\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)(đpcm)
Câu b mình vừa làm rồi
a)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Scharz:
\(\dfrac{x}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{2y+x+z}+\dfrac{z}{2z+x+y}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}.3=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=y=z\)
Em ko nhớ là lớp 7 có học Cô-si nên chị đừng giải theo cách đó
Đề nhảm.a;b;c ở đâu bạn -_-
a) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{x}{x+y+x+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)\\\dfrac{y}{2y+x+z}=\dfrac{y}{x+y+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}\right)\\\dfrac{z}{2z+x+y}=\dfrac{z}{x+z+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{z}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\dfrac{x}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{2y+x+z}+\dfrac{z}{2z+x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z>0\)
b) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\le\dfrac{\left(a+b-c+a-b+c\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{4a^2}{4}=a^2\\\left(a-b+c\right)\left(-a+b+c\right)\le\dfrac{\left(a-b+c-a+b+c\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{4c^2}{4}=c^2\\\left(a+b-c\right)\left(-a+b+c\right)\le\dfrac{\left(a+b-c-a+b+c\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{4b^2}{4}=b^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nhân theo vế: \(\left[\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\left(-a+b+c\right)\right]^2\le\left(abc\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\left(-a+b+c\right)\le abc\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c>0\)
Phải chứng minh BĐT trung gian: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\forall\) a,b trước khi áp dụng chứ.
TH1: \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=-z\)
\(y+z=-x\)
\(x+z=-y\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}{8xyz}=\dfrac{-xyz}{8xyz}=\dfrac{-1}{8}\)
TH2: \(x+y+z\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+2y-z=3\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+2y=4z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=2z\)
\(x+z=2y\)
\(y+z=2x\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{2z.2y.2x}{8xyz}=1\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{-1}{8}\) hoặc \(1\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{2x+2y-z}{z}=\dfrac{2x+2z-y}{y}=\dfrac{2y+2z-x}{x}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2x+2y-z}{z}=\dfrac{2x+2z-y}{y}=\dfrac{2y+2z-x}{x}=\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x+2y-z}{z}=3\\\dfrac{2x+2z-y}{y}=3\\\dfrac{2y+2z-x}{x}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y-z=3z\\2x+2z-y=3y\\2y+2z-x=3x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y=4z\\2x+2z=4y\\2y+2z=4x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=2z\\x+z=2y\\y+z=2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có \(M=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}{8xyz}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{2x.2y.2z}{8xyz}=\dfrac{8xyz}{8xyz}=1\)
Vậy \(M=1\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x+2y-z}{z}=\dfrac{2x-y+2z}{y}=\dfrac{-x+2y+2z}{x}=\dfrac{2x+2y-z+2x-y+2z-x+2y+2x}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{3x+3y+3z}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{2x+2y-z}{z}=3\Leftrightarrow2x+2y-z=3z\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+y\right)=4z\Leftrightarrow x+y=2z\Leftrightarrow z=\dfrac{x+y}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(x=\dfrac{y+z}{2}\)
\(y=\dfrac{x+z}{2}\)
Thay vào M, ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}{\left(\dfrac{y+z}{2}.\dfrac{x+z}{2}.\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right).8}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}{8}.8}=1\)
TH1 : \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\y+z=-x\\x+z=-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{\left(-z\right)\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)}{8xyz}=\dfrac{-\left(xyz\right)}{8xyz}=\dfrac{-1}{8}\)
Th2 : \(x+y+z\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{2x+2y-z}{z}=\dfrac{2x-2z+y}{y}=\dfrac{2y+2z-x}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{2x+2y-z}{z}+3\right)=\left(\dfrac{2x-2z+y}{y}+3\right)=\left(\dfrac{2y+2z-x}{x}+3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+2y+2z}{z}=\dfrac{2x+2y+2z}{y}=\dfrac{2x+2y+2z}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{2x.2y.2z}{8xyz}=1\)
Vậy \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}M=\dfrac{-1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\\M=1\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}=\frac{1}{(x+y)+(x+z)}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{x}{2x+y+z}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{y}{2y+x+z}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{y+x}\right)\)
\(\frac{z}{2z+x+y}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(D\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x+y}{x+y}+\frac{y+z}{y+z}+\frac{z+x}{z+x}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\) (dpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z$
a)Xét \(x=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{3}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=k\\y=2k\\z=3k\end{matrix}\right.\) (1)
Thay (1) vào 4x - 3y + 2z = 36
\(\Rightarrow4.k-3.2k+2.3k=36\)
\(\Rightarrow4k-6k+6k=36\Rightarrow4k=36\)
\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{36}{4}=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=2.4=8\\z=3.4=12\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy...............................................................
b) Xét \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{7}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k\\y=4k\\z=7k\end{matrix}\right.\) (2)
Thay (2) vào 2x - 3z = 44
\(\Rightarrow2.5k-3.7k=44\)
\(\Rightarrow-11k=44\Rightarrow k=-4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5.\left(-4\right)=-20\\y=4.\left(-4\right)=-16\\z=7.\left(-4\right)=-28\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy,................................................
c) Xét \(\dfrac{-x}{7}=\dfrac{y}{11}=\dfrac{-z}{5}=\dfrac{x}{-7}=\dfrac{z}{-5}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-7k\\y=11k\\z=-5k\end{matrix}\right.\) (3)
Thay (3) vào -3z - 2y - x = -88
\(\Rightarrow-3.\left(-5k\right)-2.11k-\left(-7k\right)=-88\)
\(\Rightarrow15k-22k+7k=-88\Rightarrow0k=88\)
\(\Rightarrow k\in\varnothing\)
Suy ra: Không có cặp ( x; y; z) thỏa mãn
Vậy.................................................................
d) Xét \(\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{x}{-5}=\dfrac{z}{11}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5k\\y=12k\\z=11k\end{matrix}\right.\) (4)
Thay (4) vào 5y - 2z = 114
\(\Rightarrow6.12k-2.11k=114\)
\(\Rightarrow50k=114\Rightarrow k=2,28\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5.2,28=-11,4\\y=12.2,28=27,36\\z=25,08\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy..............................................
e) Xét \(\dfrac{x}{25}=\dfrac{y}{17}=\dfrac{z}{32}=k\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=25k\\y=17k\\z=32k\end{matrix}\right.\) (5)
Thay (5) vào -2z + 3y - 4x = -452
\(\Rightarrow\left(-2\right).32k+3.17k-4.25k=-452\)
\(\Rightarrow-113k=-452\Rightarrow k=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=25.5=100\\y=17.4=68\\z=32.4=128\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy.......................................................
a) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(x=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{1}=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{3}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{4x}{4}-\dfrac{3y}{6}+\dfrac{2z}{6}=\dfrac{4x-3y+2z}{4-6+6}=\dfrac{36}{4}=9\)
+) \(\dfrac{x}{1}=9\Rightarrow x=9\)
+) \(\dfrac{y}{2}=9\Rightarrow y=18\)
+) \(\dfrac{z}{3}=9\Rightarrow z=27\)
Vậy x = 9; y = 18; z = 27.
tương tự
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{y}{2y+x+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}\right);\dfrac{z}{2z+y+x}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{z}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{z}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x+y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y+z}{y+z}+\dfrac{x+z}{x+z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
cho hỏi VT là gì?