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Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2019}=\dfrac{y}{2020}=\dfrac{z}{2021}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2019k\\y=2020k\\z=2021k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(4.\left(x-y\right).\left(y-z\right)=4.\left(2019k-2020k\right).\left(2020k-2021k\right)=4.\left(-k\right).\left(-k\right)=4k^2\)
Lại có : \(\left(z-x\right)^2=\left(2021k-2019k\right)^2=4k^2\)
Do đó : \(4.\left(x-y\right).\left(y-z\right)=\left(z-x\right)^2\)
(Nó có hơi dài dòng)
Cho 3 số x,y,z thỏa mãn: x/2020=y/2021=z/2022.Chứng minh rằng: (x-z)^3 =
(x-z)^3= (2020 - 2022)^3 = -8
8(x-y)^2.(y-z)= 8(2020 - 2021)^2 . (2021 - 2022) = -8.
Vì (x-z)^3 = -8
8(x-y)^2.(y-z) = -8
==> (x-z)^3 = 8(x-y)^2.(y-z)
TH1: \(x+y+z+t=0\)
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{y+z}{x+t}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\right)^{2023}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{z+t}\right)^{2023}+\left(\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+t}\right)^{2023}+\left(\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+y}\right)^{2023}+\left(\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+z}\right)^{2023}\)
\(=0+0+0+0=0\) là số nguyên (thỏa mãn)
TH2: \(x+y+z+t\ne0\), áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{2023x+y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{x+2023y+z+t}=\dfrac{z}{x+y+2023z+t}+\dfrac{t}{x+y+z+2023t}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{\left(2023x+y+z+t\right)+\left(x+2023y+z+t\right)+\left(x+y+2023z+t\right)+\left(x+y+z+2023t\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{2026\left(x+y+z+t\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2023x+y+z+t}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\\\dfrac{y}{x+2023y+z+t}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\\\dfrac{z}{x+y+2023z+t}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\\\dfrac{t}{x+y+z+2023t}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2026x=2023x+y+z+t\\2026y=x+2023y+z+t\\2026z=x+y+2023z+t\\2026t=x+y+z+2023t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x=x+y+z+t\\4y=x+y+z+t\\4z=x+y+z+t\\4t=x+y+z+t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4x=4y=4z=4t\) (vì đều bằng \(x+y+z+t\))
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)
Do đó:
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2023}\)
\(=2^{2023}+2^{2023}+2^{2023}+2^{2023}\)
\(=4.2^{2023}=2^{2025}\in Z\)
Em kiểm tra lại đề, 2 ngoặc cuối bị giống nhau, chắc em ghi nhầm
\(\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1};\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1};\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{-1}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)=2\left(y-z\right)=x-z\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{x}{2018}=\frac{y}{2019}=\frac{z}{2020}=a$
$\Rightarrow x=2018a; y=2019a; z=2020a$
$\Rightarrow (x-z)^3=(2018a-2020a)^3=(-2a)^3=-8a^3(1)$
Mặt khác:
$8(x-y)^2(y-z)=8(2018a-2019a)^2(2019a-2020a)=8a^2.(-a)=-8a^3(2)$
Từ $(1); (2)$ ta có đpcm.
Đặt\(\frac{x}{2019}=\frac{y}{2020}=\frac{z}{2021}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2019k\\y=2020k\\z=2021k\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó (x - y)2 = (2019k - 2020k)2 = (-k)2 = k2 (1)
\(\frac{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}{2}=\frac{\left(2019k-2021k\right)\left(2020k-2021k\right)}{2}=\frac{\left(-2k\right).\left(-k\right)}{2}=\frac{2k^2}{2}=k^2\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm
Cảm ơn bạn