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\(3=x+y+xy\le\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+3\sqrt{2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-2\)
\(P=\sqrt{9-x^2}+\sqrt{9-y^2}+\dfrac{x+y}{4}\le\sqrt{2\left(9-x^2+9-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{4}\)
\(P\le\sqrt{2\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4}.\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\sqrt{18-x^2-y^2}+\sqrt[]{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}}\)
\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right).\sqrt{18-2}+\sqrt{\left(2+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(\dfrac{18-x^2-y^2+x^2+y^2}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{1+8\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
x+y=1=>y=1-x
\(Q=2x^2-y^2+x+\frac{1}{x}+2020\)\(=2x^2-\left(1-x\right)^2+x+\frac{1}{x}+2020\)\(=2x^2-\left(1-2x+x^2\right)+x+\frac{1}{x}+2020\)\(=2x^2-1+2x-x^2+x+\frac{1}{x}+2020\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+2018\)\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+2018\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương \(x\)và \(\frac{1}{x}\):
\(x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{x.\frac{1}{x}}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge2+2018=2020\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\x=\frac{1}{x}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=-1}\)\(\Rightarrow y=1-\left(-1\right)=2\)
Vậy \(minQ=2020\Leftrightarrow x=-1;y=2\)
\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\ge4\)
\(P=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{2y}{x}+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}{1+\dfrac{y}{x}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=a\ge4\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a+1}=2a-4+\dfrac{5}{a+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a+1}{5}+\dfrac{5}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{5}.a-\dfrac{21}{5}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{5\left(a+1\right)}{5\left(a+1\right)}}+\dfrac{9}{5}.4-\dfrac{21}{5}=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=4\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
Nguyễn Việt Lâm Giáo viên làm thế nào để có thể nghĩ được ra như vậy?
\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}=a\Rightarrow0< a\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2-\dfrac{2x}{y}+2}{\dfrac{x}{y}+1}=\dfrac{a^2-2a+2}{a+1}=\dfrac{4a^2-8a+8}{4\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4a^2-13a+3+5\left(a+1\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{\left(1-4a\right)\left(3-a\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\dfrac{1}{4}\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
\(y\ge xy+1\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\ge4\)
\(Q=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{2y}{x}+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{y}{x}+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=a\ge4\)
\(Q=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a^2+a}=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a^2+a}-\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{\left(a-4\right)\left(3a-1\right)}{4\left(a^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{5}{4}\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(Q_{min}=\dfrac{5}{4}\) khi \(a=4\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz , ta có : \(3.\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\), do đó : \(0\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2-7\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\), áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz , ta lại có :
\(P=\frac{x^2}{y+2z}+\frac{y^2}{z+2x}+\frac{z^2}{x+2y}\)
\(=\frac{x^4}{x^2y+2zx^2}+\frac{y^4}{y^2z+2xy^2}+\frac{z^4}{z^2x+2yz^2}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+2\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)}\)
Tiếp tục sử dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và kết hợp BĐT quen thuộc \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\), ta có :
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).\left(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\right)}\)
\(\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).\left(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}\right)}\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3}}\)
Tương tự , chứng minh đc :
\(2.\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)\le2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3.\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3}}\)
\(\ge1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = y = z = 1 nên giá trị nhỏ nhất của P là 1
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