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\(AM=\frac{1}{2}MB\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(AN=3NC\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{6}\\n=\frac{3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow mn=\frac{1}{16}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{NA}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AN}=-2\overrightarrow{AN}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AM}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AN}=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KA}=-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\left(-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{4}\\n=\frac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m-n=-\frac{1}{12}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Tham khảo:
a) M thuộc cạnh BC nên vectơ \(\overrightarrow {MB} \) và \(\overrightarrow {MC} \) ngược hướng với nhau.
Lại có: MB = 3 MC \( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {MB} = - 3.\overrightarrow {MC} \)
b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AM} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {BM} \)
Mà \(BM = \dfrac{3}{4}BC\) nên \(\overrightarrow {BM} = \dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow {BC} \)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AM} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow {BC} \)
Lại có: \(\overrightarrow {BC} = \overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AB} \) (quy tắc hiệu)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AM} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \dfrac{3}{4}\left( {\overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AB} } \right) = \dfrac{1}{4}.\overrightarrow {AB} + \dfrac{3}{4}.\overrightarrow {AC} \)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow {AM} = \dfrac{1}{4}.\overrightarrow {AB} + \dfrac{3}{4}.\overrightarrow {AC} \)
Lời giải:
Theo đề ta có: $\overrightarrow{BM}=2\overrightarrow{MC}=-2\overrightarrow{CM}$
$\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}(1)$
$=\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{CM}$
$\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}$
$\Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow{AM}=2\overrightarrow{AC}+2\overrightarrow{CM}(2)$
Lấy $(1)+(2)\Rightarrow 3\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{AC}$
$\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}$
Có vẻ không đúng.
Giả sử \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}+\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\equiv B\) (Vô lí)
\(\overrightarrow{MB}=-2\overrightarrow{MC}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MB}=-2\left(\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{MB}=-2\overrightarrow{BC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BM}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=\frac{1}{3}\\n=\frac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow mn=\frac{2}{9}\)