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Ta có \(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\left(y-2\sqrt{yz}+z\right)+\left(z-2\sqrt{zx}+x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy \(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=1\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel
\(A=\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+y}=\dfrac{y}{y+z}=\dfrac{z}{z+x}\\\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
bài 3:
a, đặt x12=y9=z5=kx12=y9=z5=k
=>x=12k,y=9k,z=5k
ta có: ayz=20=> 12k.9k.5k=20
=> (12.9.5)k^3=20
=>540.k^3=20
=>k^3=20/540=1/27
=>k=1/3
=>x=12.1/3=4
y=9.1/3=3
z=5.1/3=5/3
vậy x=4,y=3,z=5/3
b,ta có: x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29
A/D tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29=x2+y2−z225+49−9=58565=9x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29=x2+y2−z225+49−9=58565=9
=>x=5.9=45
y=7.9=63
z=3*9=27
vậy x=45,y=63,z=27
solution:
ta có: \(3=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\Leftrightarrow xyz\le1\)(theo BĐT cauchy cho 3 số )
\(\Rightarrow xy\le\dfrac{1}{z};yz\le\dfrac{1}{x};xz\le\dfrac{1}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}\ge\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{x}}}=x\sqrt[3]{x}=\sqrt[3]{x^4}\)
tương tự ta có:\(\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}\ge\sqrt[3]{y^4};\dfrac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}\ge\sqrt[3]{z^4}\)
cả 2 vế các BĐT đều dương,cộng vế với vế:
\(S=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}\ge\sqrt[3]{x^4}+\sqrt[3]{y^4}+\sqrt[3]{z^4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT bunyakovsky ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt[3]{x^4}+\sqrt[3]{y^4}+\sqrt[3]{z^4}\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(\sqrt[3]{x^8}+\sqrt[3]{y^8}+\sqrt[3]{z^8}\right)^2=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge x^2+y^2+z^2\)
đến đây ta lại có BĐT quen thuộc: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge xy+yz+xz\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=y=z mà x2+y2+z2=3 => x=y=z=1
*cách khác : Áp dụng BĐT cauchy - schwarz(bunyakovsky):
\(S=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}=\dfrac{x^4}{x^3.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{x}}}+\dfrac{y^4}{y^3.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{y}}}+\dfrac{z^4}{z^3.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{z}}}\)
\(S\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
Theo giả thiết \(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xz}{y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z}}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}+2x+2y+2z=9\)
Mặt khác, ta có bđt phụ: \(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge3\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\le3\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Shwarz \(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\le3\left(x+y+z\right)\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\le3\)
Ta có: \(M=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\dfrac{2016}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
\(=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{2007}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
\(\ge2\times\sqrt{9}+\dfrac{2007}{3}=675\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ x = y = z = 1
Lời giải:
Để cho gọn đặt \((\sqrt{x}; \sqrt{y}; \sqrt{z})=(a,b,c)\) với \(a,b,c>0\)
Khi đó:
\(A=\frac{bc}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{ac}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{ab}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{2bc}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{2ac}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{2ab}{c^2+2ab})\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+1-\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+1-\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\underbrace{\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}\right)}_{M}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(M\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a^2+2bc+b^2+2ac+c^2+2ab}=\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{(a+b+c)^2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2}M\leq \frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=1\)
Vậy \(A_{\max}=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
Với a,b,c dưog thì \(\dfrac{x^2}{a}+\dfrac{y^2}{b}+\dfrac{z^2}{c}>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(P>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xy+yz+xz+\sqrt{1+x^3}+\sqrt{1+y^3}+\sqrt{1+z^3}}\)
\(\sqrt{1+x^3}=\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(1-x+x^2\right)}< =\dfrac{2+x^2}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2
=>\(P>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2+6}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+6}\)
Đặt t=(x+y+z)^2(t>=36)
=>P>=2t/t-6
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\dfrac{t}{t+6}\left(t>=36\right)\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=\dfrac{6}{\left(t+6\right)^2}>=0,\forall t>=36\)
=>f(t) đồng biến
=>f(t)>=f(36)=6/7
=>P>=12/7
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=2
Tham khảo tại đây:
Câu hỏi của Hồ Minh Phi - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
áp dụng bđt cô si ta có:
\(xy\le\frac{x^2+y^2}{2};yz\le\frac{y^2+z^2}{2};zx\le\frac{z^2+x^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{y^2+z^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{z^2+x^2}{2}}\)
theo bunhia thì \(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2;2\left(y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(y+z\right)^2;2\left(z^2+x^2\right)\ge\left(z+x\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{4}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{4}}=\frac{x+y}{2}+\frac{y+z}{2}+\frac{z+x}{2}=x+y+z=1\)
Vậy \(Min_A=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng liên tiếp bất đẳng thức Mincopxki và bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\right)^2}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{97}{4}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(B=\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(B=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\right)^2}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{162}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{4+\dfrac{162}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{89}{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(2=3\sqrt{xy}+2\sqrt{xz}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x+y\right)+x+z\)
\(\Rightarrow5x+3y+2z\ge4\)
\(A=5\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\right)+3\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)+2\left(\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)\)
\(A\ge5.2x+3.2y+2.2z=2\left(5x+3y+2z\right)\ge8\)
\(A_{min}=8\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{5}\)