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\(P\left(1\right)=a+b+c+d=100 \)
\(P\left(-1\right)=-a+b-c+d=50\)
\(P\left(0\right)=a\cdot0+b\cdot0+c\cdot0+d=d=1\)
\(P\left(2\right)=8a+4b+2c+d=120\)
Với d=1, ta có \(a+b+c=99\)(#)
\(-a+b-c=49\)(##)
\(8a+4b+2c=119\)(###)
Lấy (#) cộng (##) vế theo vế, ta có \(2b=148\Leftrightarrow b=74\)
Với d = 1 ; b = 74 , ta có \(a+c=25\)(@)
\(8a+2c=-177\)(@@)
Nhân 2 vào hai vế của (@), ta có \(2a+2c=50\)(@@@)
Lấy (@@) trừ (@@@) vế theo vế, ta có \(6a=-227\Rightarrow a=\frac{-227}{6}\)\(\Rightarrow c=25-\left(\frac{-227}{6}\right)=\frac{377}{6}\)
Từ đó, \(P\left(x\right)=\frac{-227}{6}x^3+74x^2+\frac{377}{6}x+1\Rightarrow P\left(3\right)=-\frac{227}{6}\cdot27+74.9+\frac{377}{6}\cdot3+1=-166\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c+d=100\\a-b+c-d=-50\\8a+4b+2c+d=120\\27a+9b+3c+d=P\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\begin{matrix}\left(1\right)\\\left(2\right)\\\left(3\right)\\\left(4\right)\end{matrix}\)
(1)+(2) \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+c\right)=50\Rightarrow c=25-a\)
(1)-(2) \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(b+d\right)=150\Rightarrow b=75-d\)
thế vào (3)<=> \(8a+4\left(75-d\right)+2\left(25-a\right)+d=120\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6a-3d=230\Rightarrow d=2a+\dfrac{230}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=25-a\\b=-2a-\dfrac{5}{3}\\d=2a+\dfrac{230}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P\left(3\right)=27a-9\left(2a+\dfrac{5}{3}\right)+3\left(25-a\right)+2a+\dfrac{230}{3}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\forall a\in R;a\ne0\\P\left(3\right)=8a+\dfrac{410}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) d = -9b nên P(3) = 27a + 9b + 3c + d = 27a + 3c ; P(-3) = -27a + 9b - 3c + d = -27a - 3c
=> P(3).P(-3) = (27a + 3c)(-27a - 3c) = -(27a + 3c)2\(\le0\)
b) Để\(A\in Z\)thì\(n+1⋮n^2+2\)nên bội của n + 1 là (n + 1)(n - 1) chia hết cho n2 + 2
\(\Rightarrow n^2+2-3⋮n^2+2\Rightarrow3⋮n^2+2\)mà\(n^2+2\ge2\)=> n2 + 2 = 3 => n2 = 1 => n = -1 ; 1.Thử lại :
| n | -1 | 1 |
| n + 1 | 0 | 2 |
| n2 + 2 | 3 | 3 |
| A | 0 (chọn) | \(\frac{2}{3}\)(loại) |
Vậy n = -1
Ta có \(P\left(1\right)=a+b+c+d=100\) (1)
\(P\left(-1\right)=-a+b-c+d=50\) (2)
\(P\left(0\right)=d=1\)mà \(a+b+c+d=100\)nên \(a+b+c=99\)
\(P\left(2\right)=8a+4b+2c+d=120\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có
\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)+\left(-a+b-c+d\right)=100+50\Rightarrow2b+2d=150\)
\(\Rightarrow2b+2=150\Rightarrow2b=148\Rightarrow b=74\)
Ta có \(8a+4b+2c+d=120\Rightarrow6a+2b+\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b+c+d\right)=120\)
\(\Rightarrow6a+2b+99+100=120\Rightarrow6a+2b+199=120\Rightarrow6a+148+199=120\)
\(\Rightarrow6a=-277\Rightarrow a=\frac{-277}{6}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=99\)mà \(a=-\frac{277}{6};b=74\)nên \(c=\frac{377}{6}\)
Khi đó \(P\left(x\right)=-\frac{277}{6}x^3+74x^2+\frac{377}{6}x+1\)
Do đó \(P\left(3\right)=\frac{-277}{6}.3^3+74.3^2+\frac{377}{6}.3+1=-833+666+1=-166\)
Vậy P(3)=-166
\(f\left(-1\right)=2\Rightarrow-a+b-c+d=2\\ f\left(0\right)=1\Rightarrow d=1\\ f\left(1\right)=7\Rightarrow a+b+c+d=7\\ f\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=3\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{8}a+\dfrac{1}{4}b+\dfrac{1}{2}c+d=3\)
\(d=1\Rightarrow-a+b-c=1;a+b+c=6\\ \Rightarrow2b=7\\ \Rightarrow b=\dfrac{7}{2}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{8}a+\dfrac{7}{8}+\dfrac{1}{2}c=2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}a+\dfrac{7}{4}+c\right)=2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}a+\dfrac{7}{4}+c=4\\ \Rightarrow a+7+4c=16\\ \Rightarrow a+4c=9;a+c=6-\dfrac{7}{2}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\ \Rightarrow3c=\dfrac{13}{2}\Rightarrow c=\dfrac{13}{6}\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{5}{2}-\dfrac{13}{6}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(\left(a;b;c;d\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{7}{2};\dfrac{13}{6};1\right)\)