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2Fe + 6H2SO4 đ,n => Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Cu + 2H2SO4 đ,n => CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Gọi x,y là số mol của Fe và Cu
Theo đề bài ta có:
56x + 64y = 5.8
1.5x + y = 3.08/22.4 = 0.1375
Giải phương trình ta được: x = 0.075, y = 0.025
mFe = n.M = 0.075 x 56 = 4.2 (g)
==> %Fe = 4.2 x 100/5.8 = 72.41%
nSO2 = 1.5 x + y = 0.115 (mol)
nCa(OH)2 = 0.1 x 1.5 = 0.15 (mol)
0.115/0.15 = 0.8 ==> chỉ xảy ra pứ trung hòa
SO2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaSO3 + H2O
mCaSO3 = n.M = 0.115 x 120 = 13.8 (g)
`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 \uparrow + 6H_2 O`
`0,05` `0,15` `0,025` `(mol)`
`Cu + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> CuSO_4 + SO_2 \uparrow + 2H_2 O`
`0,225` `0,45` `0,225` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_2]=[6,72]/[22,4]=0,3(mol)`
Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Cu]=y`
`=>` $\begin{cases} \dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,3\\56x+64y=17,2 \end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}x=0,05\\y=0,225 \end{cases}$
`@m_[Fe_2(SO_4)_3]=0,025.400=10(g)`
`@m_[CuSO_4]=0,225.160=36(g)`
`@m_[dd H_2 SO_4]=[(0,15+0,45).98]/80 .100=73,5(g)`
Sửa đề: 80% ---> 98% (80% chưa đặc nên không giải phóng SO2 được)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow56a+64b=17,2\left(1\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
a------>3a------------------->0,5a--------------->1,5a
\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
b----->2b------------------->b------------->b
\(\rightarrow1,5a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5.0,05.400=10\left(g\right)\\m_{CuSO_4}=0,225.160=36\left(g\right)\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,05.3+0,225.2\right).98}{98\%}=60\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nH2=4,48/22,4=0,2 mol
Fe +2HCl -->FeCl2+H2
0,2 0,2 mol
=>mFe=0,2*56=11,2 g
nSO2=10,08/22,4=0,45 mol
gọi số mol của Cu là a mol
bảo toàn e ta có
Cu\(^0\)-->Cu\(^{+2}\)+2e
a 2a S\(^{+6}\) + 2e -->S\(^{+4}\)
Fe\(^0\)--> Fe\(^{+3}\)+3e 0,45 0,9
0,2 0,6
=>a=0,15=>mCu=0,15*64=9,6 g
=>mhh=9,6+11,2=20,8g
=>%Cu=9,6*100/20,8=46,15%
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)$
$\to 27x+56y=22(1)$
BTe: $1,5x+y=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8(2)$
Từ $(1)(2)\to x=0,4(mol);y=0,2(mol)$
$\to \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx 49,09\%$
$\to \%m_{Fe}=100-49,09=50,91\%$
$b\bigg)$
Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6(mol)$
$\to m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6.36,5}{25\%}=233,6(g)$
$\to m_{dd\, sau}=22+233,6-0,8.2=254(g)$
Bảo toàn Al,Fe: $n_{AlCl_3}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=0,2(mol)$
$\to \begin{cases} C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{254}.100\%\approx 21,02\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{254}.100\%=10\% \end{cases}$
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,1<----------------------------0,15
=> \(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{7,5}.100\%=36\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-36\%=64\%\)
b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{7,5-0,1.27}{64}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,075------------------------>0,075
2Al + 6H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,1----------------------------->0,15
=> VSO2 = (0,075 + 0,15).22,4 = 5,04 (l)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
x 3x x 1,5x
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
y 2y y y
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=22\\1,5x+y=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Al}=0,4\cdot27=10,8g\)
\(m_{Fe}=22-10,8=11,2g\)
\(m_{HCl}=36,5\cdot\left(3x+2y\right)=36,5\cdot\left(3\cdot0,4+2\cdot0,2\right)=58,4g\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{C\%}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{58,4}{25\%}\cdot100\%=233,6g\)
\(Đặt:n_{Al}=u\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=v\left(mol\right)\left(u,v>0\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56u=22\\1,5a+u=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,4\\u=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=56.0,2=11,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,8=1,6\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{58,4.100}{25}=233,6\left(g\right)\)
a/ \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3,08}{22,4}=0,1375\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
2Fe + 6H2SO4(đ) ---to---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 6SO2 + 3H2O
x 3x
Cu + 2H2SO4(đ) ---to---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
y y
Fe + 2HCl ----> FeCl2 + H2
x x
Cu + 2HCl -----> CuCl2 + H2
y y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y=0,1375\\x+y=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,03125\left(mol\right)\\y=0,04375\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{hh}=0,03125.56+0,04375.64=4,55\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,03125.56.100\%}{4,55}=38,46\%\)
b, \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.1,2=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(T=\dfrac{n_{SO_2}}{n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1375}{0,12}=1,1458\)
=> tạo ra 2 muối là BaSO3 và Ba(HSO3)2
SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ---> BaSO3 + H2O
x x x
2SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ----> Ba(HSO3)2
y 0,5y 0,5y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,1375\\x+0,5y=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1025\left(mol\right)\\y=0,035\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{muối}=0,1025.217+0,5.0,035.299=27,475\left(g\right)\)
cu ko td với hcl dư nhé bé