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Khi gặp dạng này, ý tưởng là sẽ tìm 1 hàm u(x) sao cho:
\(\int\limits^b_a\left[f'\left(x\right)-u\left(x\right)\right]^2dx=0\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)-u\left(x\right)=0\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=u\left(x\right)\)
Khai triển (1), đề cho sẵn \(\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2\) nên đại lượng \(2u\left(x\right).f'\left(x\right)\) và hàm \(u\left(x\right)\) sẽ được suy ra từ việc tích phân từng phần \(\int\limits f\left(x\right)dx\). Cụ thể:
Xét \(I=\dfrac{2}{3}=\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x.f\left(x\right)|^2_0-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx=2-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx=2-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\) (2)
(Vậy đến đây hàm \(u\left(x\right)\) được xác định là dạng \(u\left(x\right)=k.x\)
Để tìm cụ thể giá trị k:
Từ (1) ta suy luận tiếp:
\(\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)-kx\right]^2dx=0\Leftrightarrow\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2-2k\int\limits^2_0x.f'\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^2_0k^2x^2dx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{3}-2k.\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{8}{3}k^2=0\) do \(\int\limits^2_0x^2dx=\dfrac{8}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow u\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x\) coi như xong bài toán)
Do đó ta có:
\(\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\int\limits^2_0x^2dx=\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{8}{3}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}x\right]^2dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+C\)
Thay \(x=2\Rightarrow1=1+C\Rightarrow C=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}x^2\)
Xét \(I=\int\limits^1_0x^2f\left(x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3.f\left(x\right)|^1_0-\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0x^3.f'\left(x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0x^3f'\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0x^3f'\left(x\right)dx=-1\)
Lại có: \(\int\limits^1_0x^6.dx=\dfrac{1}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2dx+14\int\limits^1_0x^3.f'\left(x\right)dx+49.\int\limits^1_0x^6dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)+7x^3\right]^2dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)+7x^3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=-7x^3\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\int-7x^3dx=-\dfrac{7}{4}x^4+C\)
\(f\left(1\right)=0\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0\left(-\dfrac{7}{4}x^4+\dfrac{7}{4}\right)dx=...\)
2a. Đề sai, nhìn biểu thức \(\dfrac{f'\left(x\right)}{f'\left(x\right)}dx\) là thấy
2b. Đồ thị hàm số không cắt Ox trên \(\left(0;1\right)\) nên diện tích cần tìm:
\(S=\int\limits^1_0\left(x^4-5x^2+4\right)dx=\dfrac{38}{15}\)
3a. Phương trình (P) theo đoạn chắn:
\(\dfrac{x}{4}+\dfrac{y}{-1}+\dfrac{z}{-2}=1\)
3b. Câu này đề sai, đề cho mặt phẳng (Q) rồi thì sao lại còn viết pt mặt phẳng (Q) nữa?
sorry thầy em xin sửa lại câu 3 b là
b) trong không gian Oxyz cho mặt phẳng (Q): 3x-y-2z+1=0.Viết phương trình mặt phẳng (P) song song với mặt phẳng (Q) và đi qua điểm M(0;0;1)
Câu 1:
\(2f\left(x\right)+3f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)=5x\) (1)
Đặt \(t=\frac{2}{3x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{3t}\)
\(\Rightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3t}\right)+3f\left(t\right)=5.\frac{2}{3t}\Leftrightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3t}\right)+3f\left(t\right)=\frac{10}{3t}\)
\(\Rightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)+3f\left(x\right)=\frac{10}{3x}\Leftrightarrow3f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)+\frac{9}{2}f\left(x\right)=\frac{5}{x}\) (2)
Trừ vế cho vế của (2) cho (1):
\(\frac{5}{2}f\left(x\right)=\frac{5}{x}-5x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\frac{2}{x}-2x\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_{\frac{2}{3}}\frac{f\left(x\right)}{x}dx=\int\limits^1_{\frac{2}{3}}\left(\frac{2}{x^2}-2\right)dx=\left(-\frac{2}{x}-2x\right)|^1_{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Câu 2:
\(3f\left(x\right)-4f\left(2-x\right)=-x^2-12x+16\) (1)
Đặt \(2-x=t\Rightarrow x=2-t\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-t\right)-4f\left(t\right)=-\left(2-t\right)^2-12\left(2-t\right)+16\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-t\right)-4f\left(t\right)=-t^2+16t-12\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-x\right)-4f\left(x\right)=-x^2+16x-12\)
\(\Rightarrow4f\left(2-x\right)-\frac{16}{3}f\left(x\right)=-\frac{4}{3}x^2+\frac{64}{3}x-16\) (2)
Cộng (1) và (2):
\(-\frac{7}{3}f\left(x\right)=-\frac{14}{3}x^2+\frac{28}{3}x\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=2x^2-4x\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_0\left(2x^2-4x\right)dx=-\frac{8}{3}\)
\(\int\limits^3_{-1}f\left(\left|x\right|\right)dx=\int\limits^0_{-1}f\left(\left|x\right|\right)dx+\int\limits^1_0f\left(\left|x\right|\right)dx+\int\limits^3_1f\left(\left|x\right|\right)dx\)
\(=\int\limits^0_{-1}f\left(-x\right)dx+\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^3_1f\left(x\right)dx\)
\(=\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^3_1f\left(x\right)dx\)
\(=3+3+6=12\)
Câu 1:
\(\int\limits^3_0\left(f'\left(x\right)+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\int\limits^3_0\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\frac{14}{3}=\frac{302}{15}\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\frac{232}{15}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_0\frac{f\left(x\right)dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=2\sqrt{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=2f\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}|^3_0-2\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=4f\left(3\right)-2f\left(0\right)-2.\frac{232}{15}\)
\(=2\left(2f\left(3\right)-f\left(0\right)\right)-\frac{464}{15}=36-\frac{464}{15}=\frac{76}{15}\)
Câu 2:
\(I_1=\int\limits^3_1\frac{xf'\left(x\right)}{x+1}dx=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{x}{x+1}\\dv=f'\left(x\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\\v=f\left(x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\frac{xf\left(x\right)}{x+1}|^3_1-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{3.3}{3+1}-\frac{1.3}{1+1}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)+lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx+\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}+I_2\)
Xét \(I_2=\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{dx}{x}\\v=\frac{-1}{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_2=\frac{-lnx}{x+1}|^3_1+\int\limits^3_1\frac{dx}{x\left(x+1\right)}=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\left(\frac{x}{x+1}\right)|^3_1=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\frac{3}{4}-ln\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
Từ GT ta lấy tích phân 2 vế cận từ 0 đến 1 ; sẽ được :
\(\int\limits^1_0f\left(x+1\right)dx+\int\limits^1_03f\left(3x+2\right)dx-\int\limits^1_04f\left(4x+1\right)dx-\int\limits^1_0f\left(2^x\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{3dx}{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{3dx}{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}=\int\limits^1_03\left(\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)dx\) =
\(2\left[\left(x+2\right)\sqrt{x+2}-\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}\right]\dfrac{1}{0}\) = \(2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\left(2\right)\)
Dễ thấy : \(\int\limits^1_0f\left(x+1\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\int\limits^1_03f\left(3x+2\right)dx=\int\limits^5_2f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^5_2f\left(x\right)dx\) (3)
\(\int\limits^1_04f\left(4x+1\right)=\int\limits^5_1f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^5_1f\left(x\right)dx\left(4\right)\)
\(\int\limits^1_0f\left(2^x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(t\right)dt}{tln2}=\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(t\right)dt}{t}=\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}\) (5)
Thay (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) vào (1) ta được :
\(\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^5_2f\left(x\right)dx-\int\limits^5_1f\left(x\right)dx-\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}=2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}=\left(2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\right)ln2\)