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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y^2+z^3=3\left(1\right)\\\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}=6\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do \(x,y,z\) là các số dương nên ta áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho \(pt\left(1\right)\):
\(y^2+1\ge2\sqrt{y^2}=2y\)
\(z^3+1+1\geq 3\sqrt[3]{z^3}=3z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y^2+z^3+3\ge x+2y+3z\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+3\le x+2y+3z\Rightarrow x+2y+3z\le6\)
Xét \(pt\left(2\right)\) lại có: \(VT=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2^2}{2y}+\dfrac{3^2}{3z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2^2}{2y}+\dfrac{3^2}{3z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{x+2y+3z}=\dfrac{36}{6}=6=VP\left(x+2y+3z\le6\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
Thay \(x=y=z\) vào \(pt\left(1\right)\) ta có:
\(x+x^2+x^3=3\Leftrightarrow x=1\Rightarrow x=y=z=1\)
a)\(pt\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(5t-z\right)^2=0\Rightarrow z=5t\)
\(pt\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y-2z\right)^2=0\Rightarrow....\)
b)vĩ đại vậy chắc xài BĐT thôi, loanh quanh C-S và AM-GM 3 số
a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y+4z=8\\2x-y+3z=6\\2x-6y+8z=7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y+z=2\\8y-4z=1\\x+y+2z=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>y=9/20; z=13/20; x=4-y-2z=9/4
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z=23-x-y\\z=31-y-t\\z=27-t-x\\x+y+t=33\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x-y+23=-y-t+31\\-y-t-31=-x-t+27\\x+y+t=33\\z=23-x-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x+t=8\\x-y=58\\x+y+t=33\\z=23-x-y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=x+8\\y=x-58\\x-58+x+8+x=33\\z=23-x-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=83/3; t=107/3; y=-91/3; z=23-83/3+91/3=77/3
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5\left(x+y\right)=4xy\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5\left(x+y\right)=4\left(5y-5x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x+5y=20y-20x\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x+5y-20y+20x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\-15y+25x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\-5\left(3y-5x\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\3y-5x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-3y=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{10}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}+\dfrac{5}{3x+y}=\dfrac{5}{8}\\\dfrac{2}{2x-3y}-\dfrac{5}{3x+y}=\dfrac{-3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}=a;\dfrac{1}{3x+y}=b\)
=> hpt <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\2a-5b=\dfrac{-3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\2a-5b+a+5b=\dfrac{-3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\3a=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\a=\dfrac{1}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{12}\\b=\dfrac{13}{120}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}=\dfrac{1}{12}\\\dfrac{1}{3x+y}=\dfrac{13}{120}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3y=12\\3x+y=\dfrac{120}{13}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{516}{143}\\y=-\dfrac{228}{143}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
$xy+yz+xz=\frac{1}{2}[(x+y+z)^2-(x^2+y^2+z^2)]=\frac{1}{2}(a^2-b^2)$
$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{c}$
$\Rightarrow xyz=c(xy+yz+xz)=\frac{1}{2}c(a^2-b^2)$
Khi đó:
$P=(x+y+z)^3-3(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)$
$=(x+y+z)^3-3[(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)-xyz]=(x+y+z)^3-3(xy+yz+xz)(x+y+z)+3xyz$
$=a^3-\frac{3}{2}a(a^2-b^2)+\frac{3}{2}c(a^2-b^2)$