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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{xy+xz}=\dfrac{4}{x\left(y+z\right)}\)(1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(x\left(y+z\right)\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4}=4\)=> \(\dfrac{1}{x\left(y+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)=> \(\dfrac{4}{x\left(y+z\right)}\ge1\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge\dfrac{4}{x\left(y+z\right)}\ge1\)=> \(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge1\)(đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x = 2 ; y = z = 1
Sử dụng bđt \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\left(\frac{xy}{z}+\frac{yz}{x}+\frac{zx}{y}\right)^2\ge3\left(\frac{xy}{z}.\frac{yz}{x}+\frac{yz}{x}.\frac{zx}{y}+\frac{zx}{y}.\frac{xy}{z}\right)=3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{xy}{z}+\frac{yz}{x}+\frac{zx}{y}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{a+b}\le\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\\ \Leftrightarrow4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
\(DBXR\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
Do các phép biến đổi tương đương nên (1) luôn đúng
Áp dụng (1), ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế BĐT, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)Hay \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le1\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(DBXR\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+x\right)^2}{y+z+z+x+x+y}=\frac{x+y+x}{2}=1\)
Dấu ' =' xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
Ta cần chứng minh:\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\)
Mặt khác, ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(\left(x+y+xy\right)+\left(y+z+yz\right)+\left(z+x+zx\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(6+xy+yz+zx\right)\)Lại có:
\(xy+yz+zx\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{9}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(6+3\right)=27\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\le3\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\dfrac{9}{3\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Do đó \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\).
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(T=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xz}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{xy+xz}=\frac{4}{xy+xz}\)
Từ \(x+y+z=3\Rightarrow y+z=4-x\)
\(\Rightarrow T\ge\frac{4}{xy+xz}=\frac{4}{x\left(y+z\right)}=\frac{4}{x\left(4-x\right)}=\frac{4}{-x^2+4x}\)
Lại có: \(-x^2+4x=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4=-\left(x-2\right)^2+4\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow T\ge\frac{4}{-x^2+4x}\ge\frac{4}{4}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=2;y=z=1\)
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xz}=\frac{1}{x}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge\frac{4}{x\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{4}{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4}}=1\).