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\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\ge4\)
\(P=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{2y}{x}+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}{1+\dfrac{y}{x}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=a\ge4\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a+1}=2a-4+\dfrac{5}{a+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a+1}{5}+\dfrac{5}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{5}.a-\dfrac{21}{5}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{5\left(a+1\right)}{5\left(a+1\right)}}+\dfrac{9}{5}.4-\dfrac{21}{5}=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=4\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
Nguyễn Việt Lâm Giáo viên làm thế nào để có thể nghĩ được ra như vậy?
\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}=a\Rightarrow0< a\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2-\dfrac{2x}{y}+2}{\dfrac{x}{y}+1}=\dfrac{a^2-2a+2}{a+1}=\dfrac{4a^2-8a+8}{4\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4a^2-13a+3+5\left(a+1\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{\left(1-4a\right)\left(3-a\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\dfrac{1}{4}\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
$x^5+x^5+x^5+1+1\geq 5\sqrt[5]{x^{15}}=5x^3$
$y^5+y^5+y^5+1+1\geq 5\sqrt[5]{y^{15}}=5y^3$
$\Rightarrow 3(x^5+y^5)+4\geq 5(x^3+y^3)\geq 10$ (do $x^3+y^3\geq 2$)
$\Leftrightarrow x^5+y^5\geq 2$
Vậy $C_{\min}=2$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=y=1$
\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\sqrt{1+x^2y^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\sqrt{1+x^2y^2}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}+xy}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{16xy}+xy+\frac{15}{16xy}}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{2\sqrt{\frac{1}{16xy}\cdot xy}+\frac{15}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{15}{4}}=\sqrt{17}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tai x=y=1/2
\(y\ge xy+1\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\ge4\)
\(Q=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{2y}{x}+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{y}{x}+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=a\ge4\)
\(Q=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a^2+a}=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a^2+a}-\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{\left(a-4\right)\left(3a-1\right)}{4\left(a^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{5}{4}\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(Q_{min}=\dfrac{5}{4}\) khi \(a=4\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
Dự đoán \(M\) đạt min tại mỗi biến bằng \(\frac{2}{3}\).
Nên ta viết lại \(M=\left(x+\frac{4}{9x}\right)+\left(y+\frac{4}{9y}\right)+\frac{5}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho hai lượng đầu và BĐT \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\) ta có:
\(M\ge\frac{4}{3}+\frac{4}{3}+\frac{5}{9}.\frac{4}{x+y}\ge\frac{4}{3}+\frac{4}{3}+\frac{5}{9}.\frac{4}{\frac{4}{3}}=\frac{13}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{5xy}+\frac{5}{x+2y+5}=\frac{1}{5xy}+\frac{5}{\left(x+y\right)+y+5}\ge\frac{1}{5xy}+\)\(\frac{5}{y+8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{5xy}+\frac{xy}{20}+\frac{5}{y+8}+\frac{y+8}{20}-\frac{xy+y+8}{20}\)
Lại có \(\frac{xy+y+8}{20}=\frac{y\left(x+1\right)+8}{20}\le\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+1\right)^2}{4}}{20}\le\frac{3}{5}\)
khi đó \(p\ge\left(\frac{1}{5xy}+\frac{xy}{20}\right)+\left(\frac{5}{y+8}+\frac{y+8}{20}\right)-\frac{xy+y+8}{20}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{5}+1-\frac{3}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{5}\)
vậy \(P_{min}=\frac{3}{5}\Rightarrow x=1,y=2\)