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Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:
1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)
bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko
a/ Đề sai, đề đúng phải là \(p=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{2+a^2b}+\frac{2}{2+b^2c}+\frac{2}{2+c^2a}\ge2\)
\(VT=1-\frac{a^2b}{1+1+a^2b}+1-\frac{b^2c}{1+1+b^2c}+1-\frac{c^2a}{1+1+c^2a}\)
\(VT\ge3-\left(\frac{a^2b}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b}}+\frac{b^2c}{3\sqrt[3]{b^2c}}+\frac{c^2a}{3\sqrt[3]{c^2a}}\right)\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{1}{9}\left(3\sqrt[3]{a^2.ab.ab}+3\sqrt[3]{b^2.bc.bc}+3\sqrt[3]{c^2.ca.ca}\right)\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{1}{9}\left(a^2+2ab+b^2+2bc+c^2+2ca\right)\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(N=\frac{a}{1+b^2c}+\frac{b}{1+c^2d}+\frac{c}{1+d^2a}+\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2c}=a-\frac{ab^2c}{1+b^2c}\)
\(\ge a-\frac{ab^2c}{2b\sqrt{c}}=a-\frac{ab\sqrt{c}}{2}=a-\frac{b\sqrt{ac}\sqrt{a}}{2}\)
\(\ge a-\frac{b\left(ac+c\right)}{4}\).Suy ra \(\frac{a}{1+b^2c}\ge a-\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left(ab+abc\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{b}{a+c^2d}\ge b-\frac{1}{4}\left(bc+bcd\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{1+d^2a}\ge c-\frac{1}{4}\left(cd+cda\right)\)
\(\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\ge d-\frac{1}{4}\left(da+dab\right)\)
Do đó: \(S=\frac{a}{1+b^2c}+\frac{b}{1+c^2d}+\frac{c}{1+d^2a}+\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+d-\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc+cd+da+abc+bcd+cda+dab\right)\)
\(=4-\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc+cd+da+abc+bcd+cda+dab\right)\)
Ta có:
\(ab+bc+cd+da\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2=4\)
\(abc+bcd+cda+dab\le\frac{1}{16}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^3=4\)
nên \(S\ge4-\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left(4+4\right)=2\)(Đpcm)
Dấu = khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi ta có
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\ge\frac{3}{a^2b}\); \(\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\ge\frac{3}{b^2c}\); \(\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\ge\frac{3}{c^2d}\)
\(\frac{1}{d^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge\frac{3}{d^2a}\)
Cộng các BĐt trên ta có
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\ge\frac{1}{a^2b}+\frac{1}{b^2c}+\frac{1}{c^2d}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\)(1)
Áp dụng BĐT buniacoxki ta có
\(\left(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{b^2}{c^5}+\frac{c^2}{d^5}+\frac{d^2}{a^5}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2b}+\frac{1}{b^2c}+\frac{1}{c^2d}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\right)\ge \left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\right)^2\)
Kết hợp với (1) ta được ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{1}{d^2+1}\)
= \(\left(1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{d^2}{d^2+1}\right)\)
= \(4-\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}+\frac{d^2}{d^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng Cô - si:
\(a^2+1\ge2\sqrt{a^2.1}=2a\) <=> \(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\le\frac{a}{2}\)
Tương tự => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}\le\frac{b}{2}\\\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\le\frac{c}{2}\\\frac{d^2}{d^2+1}\le\frac{d}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(4-\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}+\frac{d^2}{d^2+1}\right)\)
\(\ge4-\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}=2\)