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a: \(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4a+4+b^2-6b+9+c^2-2c+1>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)^2+\left(b-3\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2>=0\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra (a,b,c)=(2;3;1)
15.
\(\Delta'=m^2+m-2>0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m>1\\m< -2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đáp án B
16.
\(\dfrac{\pi}{2}< a< \pi\Rightarrow\dfrac{\pi}{4}< \dfrac{a}{2}< \dfrac{\pi}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}< sin\dfrac{a}{2}< 1\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}< sin^2\dfrac{a}{2}< 1\)
\(sina=\dfrac{3}{5}\Leftrightarrow sin^2a=\dfrac{9}{25}\Leftrightarrow4sin^2\dfrac{a}{2}.cos^2\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{9}{25}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin^2\dfrac{a}{2}\left(1-sin^2\dfrac{a}{2}\right)=\dfrac{9}{100}\Leftrightarrow sin^4\dfrac{a}{2}-sin^2\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{9}{100}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin^2\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{1}{10}< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(loại\right)\\sin^2\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{9}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow sin\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{10}}{10}\)
17.
Áp dụng công thức trung tuyến:
\(AM=\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(AB^2+AC^2\right)-BC^2}}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{201}}{2}\)
18.
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+4>m^2+2m\) ; \(\forall x\in\left[-2;1\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+2m< \min\limits_{\left[-2;1\right]}\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)
Xét \(f\left(x\right)=x^2+2x+4\) trên \(\left[-2;1\right]\)
\(-\dfrac{b}{2a}=-1\in\left[-2;1\right]\) ; \(f\left(-2\right)=4\) ; \(f\left(-1\right)=3\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=7\)
\(\Rightarrow\min\limits_{\left[-2;1\right]}\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=f\left(1\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow m^2+2m< 3\Leftrightarrow m^2+2m-3< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow-3< m< 1\Rightarrow m=\left\{-2;-1;0\right\}\)
Đáp án C
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{2b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{2}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{2}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{bc+ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(a+b+c+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(ab+bc+ca=abc\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\)
Đặt vế trái của BĐT cần chứng minh là P
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+3c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c+c+c}\le\dfrac{1}{6^2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+2b+3c}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b+2c+3a}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c+2a+3b}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{6}{a}+\dfrac{6}{b}+\dfrac{6}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(sin^2A+sin^2B+sin^2C=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin^2A+\dfrac{1-cos2B}{2}+\dfrac{1-cos2C}{2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin^2A-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(cos2B+cos2C\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-cos^2A-cos\left(B+C\right)cos\left(B-C\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2A+cos\left(B+C\right)cos\left(B-C\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2A-cosA.cos\left(B-C\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosA\left[cosA-cos\left(B-C\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosA.sin\left(\dfrac{A+B-C}{2}\right)sin\left(\dfrac{A+C-B}{2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosA.sin\left(90^0-C\right)sin\left(90^0-B\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cosA.cosB.cosC=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}A=90^0\\B=90^0\\C=90^0\end{matrix}\right.\) hay tam giác ABC vuông
\(a^2+4b^2+3c^2+14\ge2a+12b+6c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(4b^2-12b+9\right)+3\left(c^2-2c+1\right)+1\ge0\)
BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(4b^2-12b+9\right)+3\left(c^2-2c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(2b-3\right)^2+3\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-1=0\\2b-3=0\\c-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=\frac{3}{2}\\c=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ....