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P = \(\frac{a^3}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)\(+\)\(\frac{b^3}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)\(+\)\(\frac{c^3}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
= \(\frac{a^3\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)\(+\)\(\frac{b^3\left(c-a\right)}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)\(+\)\(\frac{c^3\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
= \(\frac{a^3\left(b-c\right)+b^3\left(c-a\right)+c^3\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
Tử số = a3(b - c) + b3(c - a) + c3(a - b)
= a3(b - c) - b3[(b - c) + (a - b)] + c3(a - b)
= a3(b - c) - b3(b - c) - b3(a - b) + c3(a - b)
= (b - c)(a3 - b3) - (a - b)(b3 - c3)
= (b - c)(a - b)(a2 + ab + b2) - (a - b)(b - c)(b2 + bc + c2)
= (a - b)(b - c)(a2 + ab + b2 - b2 - bc - c2)
= (a - b)(b - c)(a2 + ab - bc - c2)
= (a - b)(b - c)(a - c)(a + b + c)
Vậy P = \(\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)= a + b + c
Vì a, b , c là các số nguyên đôi một khác nhau nên a + b + c là số nguyên
hay P có giá trị là 1 số nguyên
Xét 2 TH sau:
TH1: a+b+c=0
Khi đó:
\(M=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\\ =\dfrac{a+b}{b}.\dfrac{b+c}{c}.\dfrac{c+a}{a}\\ =\dfrac{-c}{b}.\dfrac{-a}{c}.\dfrac{-b}{a}\\ =-1\)
TH2: a+b+c khác 0
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Suy ra: a+b=2c; b+c=2a; c+a=2b
Do đó:
\(M=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\\ =\dfrac{a+b}{b}.\dfrac{b+c}{c}.\dfrac{c+a}{a}\\ =\dfrac{2c}{b}.\dfrac{2a}{c}.\dfrac{2b}{a}\\ =8\)
Xét 2 TH sau:
TH1: a+b+c=0
Khi đó:
\(M=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\\ =\dfrac{a+b}{b}.\dfrac{b+c}{c}.\dfrac{c+a}{a}\\ =\dfrac{-c}{b}.\dfrac{-a}{c}.\dfrac{-b}{a}\\ =-1\)
TH2: a+b+c khác 0
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Suy ra: a+b=2c; b+c=2a; c+a=2b
Do đó:
\(M=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\\ =\dfrac{a+b}{b}.\dfrac{b+c}{c}.\dfrac{c+a}{a}\\ =\dfrac{2c}{b}.\dfrac{2a}{c}.\dfrac{2b}{a}\\ =8\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{b-c}{1\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{c-b}{1\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{b-a}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
Quy đồng rút gọn ta được
\(=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca-a^2-b^2-c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left[\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{a-b}+\dfrac{1}{b-c}+\dfrac{1}{c-a}\right)\)
PS: Hôm qua đi chơi nên nay mới giải nhé.
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\dfrac{b^2\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)
TH1 : a + b + c ≠ 0
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+b+c+a+c}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2c\\b+c=2a\\a+c=2b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó \(M=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b}{b}.\dfrac{b+c}{c}.\dfrac{a+c}{a}=\dfrac{2c}{b}.\dfrac{2a}{c}.\dfrac{2b}{a}=8\)
TH2 : a + b + c = 0
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó \(M=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b}{b}.\dfrac{b+c}{c}.\dfrac{a+c}{a}=\dfrac{-c}{b}.\dfrac{-a}{c}.\dfrac{-b}{a}=-1\)
Lời giải:
$M=\frac{-ab(a-b)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}+\frac{-bc(b-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}+\frac{-ca(c-a)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}$
$=\frac{-[ab(a-b)+bc(b-c)+ca(c-a)]}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}$
$=\frac{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}=1$
\(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{abc}{a^2}+\dfrac{abc}{b^2}+\dfrac{abc}{c^2}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ac}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Thay vào A r tính thôi
Bài này mình làm một lần ở trường rồi nhưng không có điện thoại chụp được:((
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3\left(c-b\right)+b^3\left(a-c\right)-c^3\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{a^3\left(c-b\right)+b^3a-b^3c-c^3a+c^3b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3\left(c-b\right)-a\left(c^3-b^3\right)+bc\left(c^2-b^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3\left(c-b\right)-a\left(c-b\right)\left(a^2+bc+b^2\right)+bc\left(c-b\right)\left(c+b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left(a^3-ac^2-abc-ab^2+bc^2+b^2c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left[a\left(a^2-b^2\right)-c^2\left(a-b\right)-bc\left(a-b\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left[a\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)-bc\left(a-b\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab-c-bc\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left[a^2-c^2+ab-bc\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left[\left(a-c\right)\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)\(=a+b+c\)
Vì a, b, c là các số nguyên
=> a+b+c là các số nguyên
=> Đpcm.
Đấy mình làm chi tiết tiền tiệt lắm luôn, không hiểu thì mình chịu rồi, trời lạnh mà đánh máy nhiều thế này buốt tay lắm luôn:vv